<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2024-512</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8756</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХРОНИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ ЛЕГКИХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHRONIC PULMONARY DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка спектра сенсибилизации детей с бронхиальной астмой в Москве и Московской области</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the spectrum of sensitization in children with bronchial asthma in Moscow and Moscow region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-9302</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колосова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolosova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колосова Наталья Георгиевна - к.м.н., доцент кафедры детских болезней Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова.</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia G. Kolosova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases of the Clinical Institute of Child Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>19, Bldg. 2, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolosovan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0917-6048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денисова Анита Робертовна - к.м.н., доцент кафедры детских болезней Клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова.</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anita R. Denisova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor of the Department of Childhood Diseases of the Clinical Institute of Child Health named after N.F. Filatov, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>19, Bldg. 2, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Anita_D@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-6380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисова</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisova</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денисова Вероника Дмитриевна - к.м.н., врач-пульмонолог Университетской детской клинической больницы Сеченовского центра материнства и детства, ПМГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); научный сотрудник отдела педиатрии, НИКИ детства.</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 19; 141009, Московская обл., Мытищи, ул. Коминтерна, д. 24а, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veronika D. Denisova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Pulmonologist, University Children's Clinical Hospital, Sechenov Center for Motherhood and Childhood, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Research As-sociate, Department of Paediatrics, Research Clinical Institute of Childhood.</p><p>19, Bldg. 2, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119991; 24a, Bldg. 1, Comintern St., Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">veronikad_91@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); Научно-исследовательский клинический институт детства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Research Clinical Institute of Childhood</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>20</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колосова Н.Г., Денисова А.Р., Денисова В.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колосова Н.Г., Денисова А.Р., Денисова В.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolosova N.G., Denisova A.R., Denisova V.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8756">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8756</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Патогенетической характеристикой атопической бронхиальной астмы является хроническое аллергическое воспаление дыхательных путей, инициируемое контактом с причинно-значимыми аллергенами. Идентификация сенсибилизации является необходимым условием успешной терапии бронхиальной астмы.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить возрастную динамику спектра сенсибилизации к аллергенам у детей с бронхиальной астмой, наблюдающихся в лечебных учреждениях Москвы и Московской области.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное одномоментное популяционное исследование спектра аллергической сенсибилизации бронхиальной астмы у 970 детей от 0 до 17 лет 11 мес., проживающих в Москве и Московской области, на основании медицинской документации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В исследуемой когорте детей с бронхиальной астмой оценка общего IgE проведена лишь у 37,11% (n = 360) пациентов, из них повышенный уровень IgE выявлен в 81% случаев (292 ребенка), что свидетельствует о преобладании фенотипа атопической бронхиальной астмы над неатопической. Анализ показал, что паттерны сенсибилизации различались в зависимости от возрастной группы. Бытовая сенсибилизация преобладала у большинства пациентов всех возрастов. У детей до 4 лет, наряду с бытовой сенсибилизацией, в 36% случаев отмечена также пищевая сенсибилизация, которая была самой высокой по сравнению с другими возрастными периодами. Обнаружено, что сенсибилизация бытовым и пыльцевым аллергеном значительно увеличивается с возрастом (p &lt; 0,05). Перекрестная (к пыльце ветроопыляемых растений) сенсибилизация к пищевым аллергенам была низкой, но увеличивалась с раннего возраста и до 15-18 лет. Наиболее часто бронхиальная астма сочетается с аллергическим ринитом - 18% с постепенным нарастанием показателей к 18 годам. Сочетание бронхиальной астмы и атопического дерматита практически одинаково у детей до 14 лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Установлено, что у детей с бронхиальной астмой, проживающих в Москве и Московской области, выявлено превалирование сенсибилизации к пищевым аллергенам до 4-летнего возраста, а у детей старше 5 лет - к бытовым, пыльцевым и эпидермальным аллергенам, что должно быть учтено при ведении этих пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Chronic allergic respiratory inflammation triggered by contact with cause-significant allergens is the pathogenetic characteristic of atopic bronchial asthma. Identification of sensitization is essential for successful therapy of bronchial asthma.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study age-related changes in the spectrum of sensitization to allergens in children with bronchial asthma followed up in healthcare facilities of Moscow and Moscow region.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A total of 970 children aged 0 to 17 years 11 months residing in Moscow and Moscow region were include in the retrospective, cross-sectional, population-based study of the spectrum of allergic sensitization of bronchial asthma based on their medical records.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Total IgE was only assessed in 37.11% (n = 360) of patients from the study cohort of children with bronchial asthma, of which an elevated IgE level was identified in 81% of cases (292 children), suggesting the prevalence of the atopic bronchial asthma phenotype over non-atopic asthma phenotype. The analysis showed the changing patterns of allergen sensitization by age group. Most of the patients, irrespective of their age, showed sensitization to household allergens. In addition to household allergen sensitization, food sensitization was also reported in 36% in children under 4 years of age, which was the highest rate as compared to other age periods. Sensitization to household and pollen allergens was found to increase significantly as children age (p &lt; 0.05). Cross-sensitization (to pollens produced from wind-pollinated plants) to food allergens was low, but increased from an early age up to 15-18 years. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a very common comorbidity of asthma and accounts for 18% with a gradual increase in indicators by the age of 18. Children with concurrent asthma have almost the same incidence of developing atopic dermatitis up to age 18.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The prevalence of sensitization to food allergens has been established in children with asthma residing in Moscow and Moscow region under 4 years old, and the prevalence of sensitization to household, pollen and epidermal allergens — over 5 years old, which should be taken into account when managing these patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллергены</kwd><kwd>сенсибилизация</kwd><kwd>коморбидные заболевания</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allergens</kwd><kwd>sensitization</kwd><kwd>comorbid diseases</kwd><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чучалин АГ, Авдеев СН, Айсанов ЗР, Белевский АС, Васильева ОС, Геппе НА и др. Бронхиальная астма: клинические рекомендации. 2021. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/359_2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чучалин АГ, Авдеев СН, Айсанов ЗР, Белевский АС, Васильева ОС, Геппе НА и др. Бронхиальная астма: клинические рекомендации. 2021. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/359_2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Геппе НА, Колосова НГ, Кондюрина ЕГ, Малахов АБ, Ревякина ВА. Национальная программа. Бронхиальная астма у детей. Стратегия лечения и профилактика. 6-е изд. М.: МедКом-Про; 2021. 228 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Геппе НА, Колосова НГ, Кондюрина ЕГ, Малахов АБ, Ревякина ВА. Национальная программа. Бронхиальная астма у детей. Стратегия лечения и профилактика. 6-е изд. М.: МедКом-Про; 2021. 228 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meher BK, Pradhan DD, Mahar J, Sahu SK. Prevalence of Allergic Sensitization in Childhood Asthma. Cureus. 2021;13(5):e15311. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15311.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meher BK, Pradhan DD, Mahar J, Sahu SK. Prevalence of Allergic Sensitization in Childhood Asthma. Cureus. 2021;13(5):e15311. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15311.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Onell A, Whiteman A, Nordlund B, Baldracchini F, Mazzoleni G, Hedlin G et al. Allergy testing in children with persistent asthma: comparison of four diagnostic methods. Allergy. 2017;72(4):590-597. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13047.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onell A, Whiteman A, Nordlund B, Baldracchini F, Mazzoleni G, Hedlin G et al. Allergy testing in children with persistent asthma: comparison of four diagnostic methods. Allergy. 2017;72(4):590-597. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13047.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konradsen JR, Fujisawa T, van Hage M, Hedlin G, Hilger C, Kleine-Tebbe J et al. Allergy to furry animals: New insights, diagnostic approaches, and challenges. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135(3):616-625. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konradsen JR, Fujisawa T, van Hage M, Hedlin G, Hilger C, Kleine-Tebbe J et al. Allergy to furry animals: New insights, diagnostic approaches, and challenges. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135(3):616-625. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muraro A, Lemanske RF Jr, Hellings PW, Akdis CA, Bieber T, Casale TB et al. Precision medicine in patients with allergic diseases: Airway diseases and atopic dermatitis-PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137(5):1347-1358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muraro A, Lemanske RF Jr, Hellings PW, Akdis CA, Bieber T, Casale TB et al. Precision medicine in patients with allergic diseases: Airway diseases and atopic dermatitis-PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137(5):1347-1358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azad MB, Chan-Yeung M, Chan ES, Dytnerski AM, Kozyrskyj AL, Ramsey C, Becker AB. Wheezing patterns in early childhood and the risk of respiratory and allergic diseases in adolescence. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170:393-395. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azad MB, Chan-Yeung M, Chan ES, Dytnerski AM, Kozyrskyj AL, Ramsey C, Becker AB. Wheezing patterns in early childhood and the risk of respiratory and allergic diseases in adolescence. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170:393-395. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aranda CS, Cocco RR, Pierotti FF, Sarinho E, Sano F, Porto A et al. Allergic sensitization pattern of patients in Brazil. J Pediatr. 2021;97(4):387-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.08.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aranda CS, Cocco RR, Pierotti FF, Sarinho E, Sano F, Porto A et al. Allergic sensitization pattern of patients in Brazil. J Pediatr. 2021;97(4):387-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.08.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шахова НВ, Камалтынова ЕМ, Лобанов ЮФ, Кашинская ТС. Распространенность аллергической и неаллергической бронхиальной астмы и спектр сенсибилизации среди детей дошкольного возраста, проживающих в городских условиях Алтайского края: популяционное одномоментное исследование. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2019;64:(1):88-93. https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2019-64-1-88-93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shakhova NV, Kamaltynova EM, Lobanov YuF, Kashinskaya TS. The prevalence of allergic and non-allergic bronchial asthma and the spectrum of sensitization among children of preschool age living in urban areas of the Altai Territory: a momentary population study. Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics. 2019;64(1):88-93. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2019-64-1-88-93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Froidure A, Mouthuy J, Durham SR, Chanez P, Sibille Y, Pilette C. Asthma phenotypes and IgE responses. Eur Respir J. 2016;47(1):304-319. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01824-2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Froidure A, Mouthuy J, Durham SR, Chanez P, Sibille Y, Pilette C. Asthma phenotypes and IgE responses. Eur Respir J. 2016;47(1):304-319. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01824-2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bousquet J, Anto JM, Akdis M, Auffray C, Keil T, Momas I et al. Paving the way of systems biology and precision medicine in allergic diseases: the MeDALL success story. Allergy. 2016;71(11):1513-1525. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12880.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bousquet J, Anto JM, Akdis M, Auffray C, Keil T, Momas I et al. Paving the way of systems biology and precision medicine in allergic diseases: the MeDALL success story. Allergy. 2016;71(11):1513-1525. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12880.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bousquet J, Anto JM, Wickman M, Keil T, Valenta R, Haahtelaet T et al. Are allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization associated with the persistence or re-occurrence of fetal type 2 signaling? The MeDALL hypothesis. Allergy. 2015;70(9):1062-1078. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12637.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bousquet J, Anto JM, Wickman M, Keil T, Valenta R, Haahtelaet T et al. Are allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization associated with the persistence or re-occurrence of fetal type 2 signaling? The MeDALL hypothesis. Allergy. 2015;70(9):1062-1078. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12637.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rathoria E, Bansal U, Gupta A, Gupta NB, Ahuja R, Rathoria R. Study of serum IgE levels in childhood asthma in Barabanki region, India. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2018;5:1755-1758. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20183369.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rathoria E, Bansal U, Gupta A, Gupta NB, Ahuja R, Rathoria R. Study of serum IgE levels in childhood asthma in Barabanki region, India. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2018;5:1755-1758. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20183369.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta N, Agarwal P, Sachdev A, Gupta D. Allergy Testing - An Overview. Indian Pediatr. 2019;56(11):951-957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-019-1652-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta N, Agarwal P, Sachdev A, Gupta D. Allergy Testing - An Overview. Indian Pediatr. 2019;56(11):951-957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-019-1652-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schimke LF, Sawalle-Belohradsky J, Roesler J, Wollenberg A, Rack A, Borte M et al. Diagnostic approach to the hyper-IgE syndromes: immunologic and clinical key findings to differentiate hyper-IgE syndromes from atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(3):611-7.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2010.06.029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schimke LF, Sawalle-Belohradsky J, Roesler J, Wollenberg A, Rack A, Borte M et al. Diagnostic approach to the hyper-IgE syndromes: immunologic and clinical key findings to differentiate hyper-IgE syndromes from atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(3):611-7.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2010.06.029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Norback D, Zock JP, Plana E, Heinrich J, Tischer C, Jacobsen Bertelsen R et al. Building dampness and mold in European homes in relation to climate, building characteristics and socio-economic status: The European Community Respiratory Health Survey ECRHS II. Indoor Air. 2017;27(5):921-932. https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Norback D, Zock JP, Plana E, Heinrich J, Tischer C, Jacobsen Bertelsen R et al. Building dampness and mold in European homes in relation to climate, building characteristics and socio-economic status: The European Community Respiratory Health Survey ECRHS II. Indoor Air. 2017;27(5):921-932. https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Posa D, Hofmaier S, Arasi S, Matricardi PM. Natural Evolution of IgE Responses to Mite Allergens and Relationship to Progression of Allergic Disease: a Review. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(5):28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-017-0697-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Posa D, Hofmaier S, Arasi S, Matricardi PM. Natural Evolution of IgE Responses to Mite Allergens and Relationship to Progression of Allergic Disease: a Review. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(5):28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-017-0697-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трусова OB, Камаев АВ, Ляшенко НЛ, Макарова ИВ, Столярова ЕА. Сенсибилизация к бытовым аллергенам у детей с бронхиальной астмой и аллергическим ринитом в г. Санкт-Петербурге. Аллергология и иммунология в педиатрии. 2021;(2):11-18. Режим доступа: https://journal.adair.ru/originalnaya-statya/sensibilizatsiya-k-bytovym-allergenam-u-detey-s-bronhialnoy-astmoy-i-allergicheskim-rinitom-v-g-sankt-peterburge.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trusova OV, Kamaev AV, Lyashenko NL, Makarova IV, Stolyarova EA. Sensitization to household allergens in children with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in St. Petersburg. Allergology and Immunology in Pediatrics. 2021;(2):11-18. (In Russ.) Available at: https//joumal.adair.ru/originalnaya-statya/sensibilizatsiya-k-bytovym-allergenam-u-detey-s-bronhialnoy-astmoy-i-allergicheskim-rinitom-v-g-sankt-peterburge.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iweala OI, Nagler CR. The Microbiome and Food Allergy. Annu Rev Immunol. 2019;37:377-403. https//doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041621.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iweala OI, Nagler CR. The Microbiome and Food Allergy. Annu Rev Immunol. 2019;37:377-403. https//doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041621.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caffarelli C, Garrubba M, Greco C, Mastrorilli C, Povesi Dascola C. Asthma and Food Allergy in Children: Is There a Connection or Interaction? Front Pediatr. 2016;4:34. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2016.00034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caffarelli C, Garrubba M, Greco C, Mastrorilli C, Povesi Dascola C. Asthma and Food Allergy in Children: Is There a Connection or Interaction? Front Pediatr. 2016;4:34. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2016.00034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pinart M, Benet M, Annesi-Maesano I, von Berg A, Berdel D, Carlsen KC et al. Comorbidity of eczema, rhinitis, and asthma in IgE-sensitised and non-IgE-sensitised children in MeDALL: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(2):131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70277-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pinart M, Benet M, Annesi-Maesano I, von Berg A, Berdel D, Carlsen KC et al. Comorbidity of eczema, rhinitis, and asthma in IgE-sensitised and non-IgE-sensitised children in MeDALL: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(2):131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70277-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang TS, Lemanske RF Jr, Guilbert TW, Gern JE, Coen MH, Evans MD et al. Evaluation of the modified asthma predictive index in high-risk preschool children. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2013;1(2):152-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2012.10.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang TS, Lemanske RF Jr, Guilbert TW, Gern JE, Coen MH, Evans MD et al. Evaluation of the modified asthma predictive index in high-risk preschool children. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2013;1(2):152-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2012.10.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muraro A, Lemanske RF Jr, Castells M, Torres MJ, Khan D, Simon H-U et al. Precision medicine in allergic disease-food allergy, drug allergy, and anaphylaxis-PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Allergy. 2017;72(7):1006-1021. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muraro A, Lemanske RF Jr, Castells M, Torres MJ, Khan D, Simon H-U et al. Precision medicine in allergic disease-food allergy, drug allergy, and anaphylaxis-PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Allergy. 2017;72(7):1006-1021. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нилова МЮ, Туш ЕВ, Елисеева ТИ, Красильникова СВ, Халецкая ОВ, Попов КС, Новикова НА. Структура сенсибилизации к аэроаллергенам у детей с атопической бронхиальной астмой. Аллергология и иммунология в педиатрии. 2019;(2):17-23. Режим доступа: https://journal.adair.ru/allergologiya-i-immunologiya-v-pediatrii/arhiv-nomerov/struktura-sensibilizatsii-k-aeroallergenam-u-detey-s-atopicheskoy-bronhialnoy-astmoy.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nilova MYu, Tush EV, Eliseeva TI, Krasilnikova SV, Khaletskaya OV, Popov KS, Novikova NA. Structure of sensitization to aeroallergenes in children with atopic bronchial asthma. Allergology and Immunology in Pediatrics. 2019;(2):17-23. (In Russ.) Available at: https://journal.adair.ru/allergologiya-i-immunologiya-v-pediatrii/arhiv-nomerov/struktura-sensibilizatsii-k-aeroallergenam-u-detey-s-atopicheskoy-bronhialnoy-astmoy.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лебеденко АА, Семерник ОЕ, Янченко ВВ, Аляхнович НС, Рудякова ВС. Спектр пыльцевой сенсибилизации у детей с аллергическими заболеваниями, проживающими на территории Ростовской области. Медицинский вестник Юга России. 2023;14(1):50-55. https://doi.org/10.21886/2219-8075-2023-14-1-50-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedenko AA, Semernik OE, Yanchenko VV, Alyakhnovich NS, Rudyakova VS. The spectrum of pollen sensitization in children with allergic diseases living in the Rostov region. Medical Herald of the South of Russia. 2023;14(1):50-55. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21886/2219-8075-2023-14-1-50-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
