medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2024-514medsovet-8803Research ArticleНЕРВНО-ПСИХИЧЕСКИЕ РАССТРОЙСТВАNEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERSБессонница у женщин в пери- и менопаузальном периодах и при некоторых соматических заболеванияхInsomnia in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women and in some somatic diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-0677ПизоваН. В.PizovaN. V.

Пизова Наталия Вячеславовна - д.м.н., профессор кафедры нервных болезней с медицинской генетикой и нейрохирургией.

150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5

Nataliia V. Pizova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Nervous Diseases with Medical Genetics and Neurosurgery, Yaroslavl State Medical University.

5, Revolutsionnaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000

pizova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0522-675XПизовА. В.PizovA. V.

Пизов Александр Витальевич - к.б.н., доцент кафедры медицины.

150000, Ярославль, ул. Республиканская, д. 108/1

Aleksandr V. Pizov - Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor of the Department of Medicine, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky.

108/1, Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000

avpizov@yandex.ruЯрославский государственный медицинский университетРоссияYaroslavl State Medical UniversityRussian FederationЯрославский государственный педагогический университет имени К.Д. УшинскогоРоссияYaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. UshinskyRussian Federation2024090120250223845Copyright © Пизова Н.В., Пизов А.В., 20242024Пизова Н.В., Пизов А.В.Pizova N.V., Pizov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8803

Бессонница становится все более распространенным состоянием в современном обществе и приводит к серьезным проблемам для здоровья и благополучия людей. Различия во сне между мужчинами и женщинами проявляются в раннем возрасте и далее наблюдаются на протяжении всей жизни, при этом женщины сообщают о более низком качестве сна и подвергаются большему риску развития бессонницы по сравнению с мужчинами. Некоторые исследования показывают, что мужчины и женщины различаются по нейрогормональной секреции, биологическим процессам и морфологии мозга. Значительное число женщин испытывают трудности со сном в преддверии менопаузы и после нее, при этом трудность с наступлением сна, короткая продолжительность сна и плохое качество сна являются наиболее распространенными симптомами. Этиология нарушений сна у женщин в период менопаузы до сих пор не ясна и, по-видимому, отличается в зависимости от конкретных симптомов расстройства сна. Тем не менее потенциальные факторы включают в себя саму менопаузу, старение, вазомоторные симптомы, депрессию, тревогу и многие другие заболевания, такие как сердечно-сосудистые, эндокринные заболевания и психосоциальные факторы. Бессонница может проявляться отдельно или в сочетании с другими заболеваниями или расстройствами психического здоровья, и, если ее не лечить, она может увеличить вероятность развития и обострения любого из этих состояний. Менопауза часто сопровождается повышенным риском сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Бессонница считается установленным фактором риска развития инфаркта миокарда, в т. ч. и у женщин. В исследованиях проблем со сном были обнаружены гендерные различия со значительными ассоциациями у женщин в отношении артериальной гипертензии, распространенности дислипидемии, ожирения и сахарного диабета. Диагностика бессонницы в значительной степени основана на квалифицированном сборе анамнеза. Лечение бессонницы основано на двух стратегиях, которые могут использоваться по отдельности или в комбинации: когнитивно-поведенческая терапия бессонницы и фармакологическое лечение.

Insomnia is becoming increasingly common in modern society and leads to significant issues for people’s health and well-being. Sex differences in sleep begin at an early age and continue throughout life. At the same time, women report poorer sleep quality and have higher risk for insomnia than men. Some studies show that men and women differ in their neurohormonal secretion, biological processes, and brain morphology. A significant number of women experience sleep difficulties in the approach to menopause and beyond, with the most common symptoms being difficulty in initiating sleep, short sleep duration, and poor sleep quality. The aetiology of sleep disorders in postmenopausal women isn’t yet still clear and seems to be different according to the specific symptoms of sleep disorder. However, potential factors include menopause itself, ageing, vasomotor symptoms, depression, anxiety, and many other diseases such as cardiovascular, endocrine, and psychosocial factors. Insomnia may occur alone or with other medical or mental health conditions. If left untreated, it may increase the risk for developing and worsening any of these conditions. Menopause is often associated with elevated risks of cardiovascular diseases. Insomnia is considered as an established risk factor for myocardial infarction, including in women. Sex differences have been detected in studies of sleep problems, with significant associations in women with regard to hypertension, the prevalence of dyslipidaemia, obesity, and diabetes. Diagnosis of insomnia is largely based on skilled history taking. Insomnia treatment is based on two strategies that may be used isolatedly or in combination: cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia and pharmacological treatment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.