<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2024-503</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8806</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕРАПИЯ БОЛИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PAIN THERAPY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Краниоцервикалгии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Craniocevricalgia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7682-6672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимова</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maximova</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимова Марина Юрьевна - д.м.н., профессор, руководитель 2-го неврологического отделения, Научный центр неврологии; профессор кафедры неврологии Научно-образовательного института клинической медицины имени Н.А. Семашко, РосУниМед.</p><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д. 80; 127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1</p><p>Scopus Author ID 7003900736; Researcher ID C-7408-2012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina Yu. Maximova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the 2nd Neurology Department, Scientific Center of Neurology; Professor of the Department of Neurology at the N.A. Semashko Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine, Russian University of Medicine (ROSUNIMED).</p><p>80, Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow, 125367; 20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473</p><p>Scopus Author ID 7003900736; Researcher ID C-7408-2012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ncnmaximova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1405-5235</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суанова</surname><given-names>Е. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suanova</surname><given-names>E. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суанова Екатерина Таймуразовна - к.м.н., ассистент кафедры неврологии Научно-образовательного института клинической медицины имени Н.А. Семашко.</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina T. Suanova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Neurology at the N.A. Semashko Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine, Russian University of Medicine (ROSUNIMED).</p><p>20, Bldg. 1, Delegatskaya St., Moscow, 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekaterina.souanova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр неврологии; Российский университет медицины (РосУниМед)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Center of Neurology; Russian University of Medicine (ROSUNIMED)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет медицины (РосУниМед)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Medicine (ROSUNIMED)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>22</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Максимова М.Ю., Суанова Е.Т., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Максимова М.Ю., Суанова Е.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maximova M.Y., Suanova E.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8806">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8806</self-uri><abstract><p>Краниоцервикалгии – это собирательный клинический термин, объединяющий болевые синдромы, локализующиеся в затылочной и шейной области, которые могут распространяться на лобную, височную и орофациальную области. Клинически наиболее актуальными видами краниоцервикалгий являются цервикогенная головная боль (ЦГБ), боль в шее при дисфункции височно-нижнечелюстного сустава и краниоцервикалгия при диссекции позвоночных артерий. Диагностика краниоцервикалгий должна проводиться на основе диагностических критериев Международной классификации головной боли 3-го пересмотра 2018 г. с анализом особенностей клинических проявлений боли у конкретного пациента. Характеристика ЦГБ определена в самом названии. Наиболее значима дисфункция трех верхних шейных сегментов. Патологические изменения анатомических образований позвоночного столба (межпозвоночные суставы, фиброзное кольцо, связки, периост), мышц и сухожилий, иннервируемых верхними шейными сегментами, могут быть источником ЦГБ. Полагают, что более важным для развития ЦГБ является конвергенция верхних шейных чувствительных нервов (С1-С3) и волокон тройничного нерва в области спинномозгового ядра тройничного нерва на верхнем шейном уровне. Клинически выявляется монотонная тупая, ноющая, как правило, односторонняя боль, которая провоцируется длительным вынужденным положением головы (неудобная поза) и движениями в шейном отделе позвоночника (повороты, наклоны головы). Отмечается ограничение движений в шее в одном или нескольких направлениях. В целом диагноз преимущественно строится на клинических данных, но может быть подтвержден диагностической блокадой шейных структур, после которой у пациентов наблюдается частичное или полное исчезновение боли. Приводится клиническое наблюдение с характерным формированием ЦГБ. Пациенту были рекомендованы ежедневные 15–30-минутные сеансы лечебной физкультуры с комплексом физических упражнений, ежечасные непродолжительные самостоятельные упражнения на активизацию мышц шейного отдела позвоночника и его стабилизацию, повышение физической активности. Назначено симптоматическое лечение нестероидным противовоспалительным средством – препаратом Нурофен Экспресс Форте, содержащим 400 мг ибупрофена в капсуле с жидким содержимым, два раза в день в течение 2 нед. При повторном обследовании через 15 дней в покое боль пациента не беспокоила, максимальная интенсивность боли по визуально-аналоговой шкале уменьшилась с 5 до 1 балла при движениях, общее самочувствие пациента и переносимость длительного позного напряжения существенно улучшились. Для дальнейшего закрепления успеха лечения была рекомендована программа тренировок для стабилизации позвоночника и улучшения выносливости. При наблюдении за пациентом в течение 3 мес. был отмечен стойкий терапевтический эффект. Учитывая высокую антиноцицептивную эффективность ибупрофена, применение Нурофен Экспресс Форте необходимо рекомендовать в комплексном лечении пациентов с ЦГБ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Сraniocervicalgia is a collective clinical term that unites pain syndromes localized in the occipital and cervical area, which can spread to the frontal, temporal and orofacial areas. Clinically, the most common types of сraniocervicalgia are cervicogenic headache (CH), neck pain caused the temporomandibular joint dysfunction and craniocervicalgia caused of the vertebral arteries dissection. Diagnosis of craniocervicalgia should be based on the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd revision (2018) with an analysis of the individual pain features. The characteristic of the CH is defined in the name itself. The most significant point is dysfunction of the three upper cervical segments. Pathological changes in the anatomical structures of the spinal column (facet joints, annulus fibrosus, ligaments, periosteum), muscles and tendons innervated by the upper cervical segments may be the source of CH. The convergence of the upper cervical sensory nerves (C1-C3) and trigeminal nerve fibers in spinal trigeminal nucleus at the upper cervical segments is believed to be more important for the development of CH. Usually, it`s a dull, aching, unilateral pain, which is provoked by a prolonged forced head position (uncomfortable posture) and movements in the cervical spine (turns, tilts of the head). Cervical movement restrictions in one or more directions is noted. In general, the diagnosis is mainly based on clinical examination, but can be confirmed by a diagnostic blockade of the cervical facet joints, after which patients can get partial or complete pain relief. We present a clinical case with a typical progress of CH. The patient was recommended daily 15–30 minute exercise therapy, hourly a few exercises for activation and stabilization of the cervical spine muscles, and increase general physical activity. Symptomatic treatment with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug was prescribed – Nurofen Express Forte, containing 400 mg of ibuprofen in a capsule with liquid contents, twice a day for 2 weeks. During a follow-up examination after 15 days, the patient reported a pain relief at rest, the maximum pain intensity according to the visual analog scale decreased from 5 to 1 mm during movement. The patient’s general well-being and tolerance to prolonged postural tension significantly improved. Further recommendations included a training program for spine stabilization the and muscles endurance. After 3 months of patient observation, a therapeutic stability was noted. Considering the high antinociceptive efficacy of Ibuprofen, use of Nurofen Express Forte should be recommended in the complex treatment of patients with CH.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цервикогенная головная боль</kwd><kwd>цервикалгия</kwd><kwd>дисфункция височно-нижнечелюстного сустава</kwd><kwd>диссекция позвоночных артерий</kwd><kwd>ибупрофен</kwd><kwd>Нурофен Экспресс Форте</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cervicogenic headache</kwd><kwd>cervical pain</kwd><kwd>dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint</kwd><kwd>dissection of the vertebral arteries</kwd><kwd>ibuprofen</kwd><kwd>Nurofen Express Forte</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБНУ НЦН №122041300193-8.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed as a part of the public assignment of the Research Center of Neurology No 122041300193-8.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fejer R, Kyvik KO, Hartvigsen J. The prevalence of neck pain in the world population: a systematic critical review of the literature. Eur Spine J. 2006;15(6):834–848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-004-0864-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fejer R, Kyvik KO, Hartvigsen J. The prevalence of neck pain in the world population: a systematic critical review of the literature. Eur Spine J. 2006;15(6):834–848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-004-0864-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2021 Neck Pain Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of neck pain, 1990–2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol. 2024;6(3):e142–e155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(23)00321-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GBD 2021 Neck Pain Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of neck pain, 1990–2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol. 2024;6(3):e142–e155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(23)00321-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahmoud NF, Hassan KA, Abdelmajeed SF, Moustafa IM, Silva AG. The relationship between forward head posture and neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2019;12:562–577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-019-09594-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahmoud NF, Hassan KA, Abdelmajeed SF, Moustafa IM, Silva AG. The relationship between forward head posture and neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2019;12:562–577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-019-09594-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miçooğulları M, Yüksel İ, Angın S. Effect of pain on cranio-cervicomandibular function and postural stability in people with temporomandibular joint disorders. Korean J Pain. 2024;37(2):164–177. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.23301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miçooğulları M, Yüksel İ, Angın S. Effect of pain on cranio-cervicomandibular function and postural stability in people with temporomandibular joint disorders. Korean J Pain. 2024;37(2):164–177. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.23301.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Šedý J, Rocabado M, Olate LE, Vlna M, Žižka R. Neural Basis of Etiopathogenesis and Treatment of Cervicogenic Orofacial Pain. Medicina. 2022;58(10): 1324. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101324.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Šedý J, Rocabado M, Olate LE, Vlna M, Žižka R. Neural Basis of Etiopathogenesis and Treatment of Cervicogenic Orofacial Pain. Medicina. 2022;58(10): 1324. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101324.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dzakpasu FQS, Carver A, Brakenridge CJ, Cicuttini F, Urquhart DM, Owen N, Dunstan DW. Musculoskeletal pain and sedentary behaviour in occupational and non-occupational settings: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2021;18(1):159. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01191-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzakpasu FQS, Carver A, Brakenridge CJ, Cicuttini F, Urquhart DM, Owen N, Dunstan DW. Musculoskeletal pain and sedentary behaviour in occupational and non-occupational settings: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2021;18(1):159. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01191-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яхно НН. Боль. М.: МЕДпресс-информ; 2022. 416 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яхно НН. Боль. М.: МЕДпресс-информ; 2022. 416 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов ВА, Яхно НН, Кукушкин МЛ, Давыдов ОС, Чурюканов МВ, Головачева ВА и др. Неспецифическая боль в шее (цервикалгия). Рекомендации Российского общества по изучению боли (РОИБ). Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2023;15(5):4–12. https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2023-5-4-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parfenov VA, Yakhno NN, Kukushkin ML, Davydov OS, Churyukanov MV, Golovacheva VA et al. Non-specific neck pain (cervicalgia). Guidelines of the Russian Society for the Study of Pain (RSSP). Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2023;15(5):4–12. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2023-5-4-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fredriksen TA, Antonaci F, Sjaastad O. Cervicogenic headache: too important to be left un-diagnosed. J Headache Pain. 2015;16:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-16-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fredriksen TA, Antonaci F, Sjaastad O. Cervicogenic headache: too important to be left un-diagnosed. J Headache Pain. 2015;16:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-16-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verma S, Tripathi M, Chandra PS. Cervicogenic Headache: Current Perspectives. Neurol India. 2021;69(Suppl.):S194-S198. https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.315992.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verma S, Tripathi M, Chandra PS. Cervicogenic Headache: Current Perspectives. Neurol India. 2021;69(Suppl.):S194-S198. https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.315992.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jull G. Cervicogenic headache. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2023;66:102787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102787.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jull G. Cervicogenic headache. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2023;66:102787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102787.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silverberg ND, Martin P, Panenka WJ. Headache Trigger Sensitivity and Avoidance after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma. 2019;36(10):1544–1550. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2018.6025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silverberg ND, Martin P, Panenka WJ. Headache Trigger Sensitivity and Avoidance after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma. 2019;36(10):1544–1550. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2018.6025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sjaastad O, Fredriksen TA, Pfaffenrath V. Cervicogenic headache: diagnostic criteria. Headache. 1990;30(11):725–726. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.1990.hed3011725.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sjaastad O, Fredriksen TA, Pfaffenrath V. Cervicogenic headache: diagnostic criteria. Headache. 1990;30(11):725–726. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.1990.hed3011725.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sjaastad O, Salvesen R, Jansen J, Fredriksen TA. Cervicogenic headache a critical view on pathogenesis. Funct Neurol. 1998;13(1):71–74. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9584876.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sjaastad O, Salvesen R, Jansen J, Fredriksen TA. Cervicogenic headache a critical view on pathogenesis. Funct Neurol. 1998;13(1):71–74. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9584876.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd ed. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1–211. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102417738202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd ed. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1–211. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102417738202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sjaastad O, Saunte C, Hovdahl H, Breivik H, Grønbaek E. “Cervicogenic” headache. An hypothesis. Cephalalgia. 1983;3(4):249–256. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1983.0304249.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sjaastad O, Saunte C, Hovdahl H, Breivik H, Grønbaek E. “Cervicogenic” headache. An hypothesis. Cephalalgia. 1983;3(4):249–256. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1983.0304249.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jull G, Amiri M, Bullock-Saxton J, Darnell R, Lander C. Cervical musculoskeletal impairment in frequent intermittent headache. Part 1: Subjects with single headaches. Cephalalgia. 2007;27(7):793–802. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01345.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jull G, Amiri M, Bullock-Saxton J, Darnell R, Lander C. Cervical musculoskeletal impairment in frequent intermittent headache. Part 1: Subjects with single headaches. Cephalalgia. 2007;27(7):793–802. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01345.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ogince M, Hall T, Robinson K, Blackmore AM. The diagnostic validity of the cervical flexion-rotation test in C1/2-related cervicogenic headache. Man Ther. 2007;12(3):256–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2006.06.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogince M, Hall T, Robinson K, Blackmore AM. The diagnostic validity of the cervical flexion-rotation test in C1/2-related cervicogenic headache. Man Ther. 2007;12(3):256–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2006.06.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bogduk N. Headaches and the cervical spine. Cephalalgia. 1984;4(1):7–8. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1984.0401006.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogduk N. Headaches and the cervical spine. Cephalalgia. 1984;4(1):7–8. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1984.0401006.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shimohata K, Hasegawa K, Onodera O, Nishizawa M, Shimohata T. The Clinical Features, Risk Factors, and Surgical Treatment of Cervicogenic Headache in Patients With Cervical Spine Disorders Requiring Surgery. Headache. 2017;57(7):1109–1117. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shimohata K, Hasegawa K, Onodera O, Nishizawa M, Shimohata T. The Clinical Features, Risk Factors, and Surgical Treatment of Cervicogenic Headache in Patients With Cervical Spine Disorders Requiring Surgery. Headache. 2017;57(7):1109–1117. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenbaum T, Dvir Z, Emodi-Perlman A, Reiter S, Rubin P, Winocur E. The association between specific temporomandibular disorders and cervicogenic headache. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2021;52:102321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102321.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenbaum T, Dvir Z, Emodi-Perlman A, Reiter S, Rubin P, Winocur E. The association between specific temporomandibular disorders and cervicogenic headache. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2021;52:102321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102321.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moustafa IM, Shousha TM, Harrison DE. An investigation of 3D spinal alignment in cervicogenic headache. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2021;51:102284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moustafa IM, Shousha TM, Harrison DE. An investigation of 3D spinal alignment in cervicogenic headache. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2021;51:102284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Govind J, Bogduk N. Sources of Cervicogenic Headache Among the Upper Cervical Synovial Joints. Pain Med. 2022;23(6):1059–1065. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa469.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Govind J, Bogduk N. Sources of Cervicogenic Headache Among the Upper Cervical Synovial Joints. Pain Med. 2022;23(6):1059–1065. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa469.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abaspour O, Akbari M. Relationship between echogenicity of deep cervical muscles and pain laterality in subjects suffering from cervicogenic headache. Cranio. 2023;41(5):446–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2020.1866922.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abaspour O, Akbari M. Relationship between echogenicity of deep cervical muscles and pain laterality in subjects suffering from cervicogenic headache. Cranio. 2023;41(5):446–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2020.1866922.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang L, Shen J, Das S, Yang H. Diffusion tensor imaging of the C1-C3 dorsal root ganglia and greater occipital nerve for cervicogenic headache. Korean J Pain. 2020;33(3):275–283. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2020.33.3.275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang L, Shen J, Das S, Yang H. Diffusion tensor imaging of the C1-C3 dorsal root ganglia and greater occipital nerve for cervicogenic headache. Korean J Pain. 2020;33(3):275–283. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2020.33.3.275.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho PG, Kim TW, Ji GY, Park SH, Yun MJ, Shin DA. Diagnostic Value of Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography Scans with Tc-99m HDP in Cervicogenic Headache. J Clin Med. 2020;9(2):399. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho PG, Kim TW, Ji GY, Park SH, Yun MJ, Shin DA. Diagnostic Value of Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography Scans with Tc-99m HDP in Cervicogenic Headache. J Clin Med. 2020;9(2):399. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paquin JP, Tousignant-Laflamme Y, Dumas JP. Effects of SNAG mobilization combined with a self-SNAG home-exercise for the treatment of cervicogenic headache: a pilot study. J Man Manip Ther. 2021;29(4):244–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/10669817.2020.1864960.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paquin JP, Tousignant-Laflamme Y, Dumas JP. Effects of SNAG mobilization combined with a self-SNAG home-exercise for the treatment of cervicogenic headache: a pilot study. J Man Manip Ther. 2021;29(4):244–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/10669817.2020.1864960.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu B, Yue L, Sun F, Gao S, Liang B, Tao T. The Feasibility and Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided C2 Nerve Root Coblation for Cervicogenic Headache. Pain Med. 2019;20(6):1219–1226. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pny227.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu B, Yue L, Sun F, Gao S, Liang B, Tao T. The Feasibility and Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided C2 Nerve Root Coblation for Cervicogenic Headache. Pain Med. 2019;20(6):1219–1226. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pny227.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park MS, Choi HJ, Yang JS, Jeon JP, Kang SH, Cho YJ. Clinical Efficacy of Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment Targeting the Mid-cervical Medial Branches for Intractable Cervicogenic Headache. Clin J Pain. 2021;37(3):206–210. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000911.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park MS, Choi HJ, Yang JS, Jeon JP, Kang SH, Cho YJ. Clinical Efficacy of Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment Targeting the Mid-cervical Medial Branches for Intractable Cervicogenic Headache. Clin J Pain. 2021;37(3):206–210. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000911.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yabuki S, Takatsuki K, Otani K, Nikaido T, Watanabe K, Kato K et al. Headache in Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy. Pain Res Manag. 2020;2020:8856088. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8856088.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yabuki S, Takatsuki K, Otani K, Nikaido T, Watanabe K, Kato K et al. Headache in Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy. Pain Res Manag. 2020;2020:8856088. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8856088.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Максимова МЮ. Диагностика и лечение неврологических орофациальных болевых синдромов. Российский журнал боли. 2023;21(1):5–12. https://doi.org/10.17116/pain2023210115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maksimova MYu. Clinical diagnostics and treatment of orofacial pain syndromes. Russian Journal of Pain. 2023;21(1):5–12. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/pain2023210115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Slade GD, Ohrbach R, Greenspan JD, Fillingim RB, Bair E, Sanders AE et al. Painful Temporomandibular Disorder: Decade of Discovery from OPPERA Studies. J Dent Res. 2016;95(10):1084–1092. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516653743.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slade GD, Ohrbach R, Greenspan JD, Fillingim RB, Bair E, Sanders AE et al. Painful Temporomandibular Disorder: Decade of Discovery from OPPERA Studies. J Dent Res. 2016;95(10):1084–1092. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516653743.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palmer J, Durham J. Temporomandibular disorders. BJA Educ. 2021;21(2):44–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjae.2020.11.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palmer J, Durham J. Temporomandibular disorders. BJA Educ. 2021;21(2):44–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjae.2020.11.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Botros J, Gornitsky M, Samim F, der Khatchadourian Z, Velly AM. Back and neck pain: A comparison between acute and chronic pain-related Temporomandibular Disorders. Can J Pain. 2022;6(1):112–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2022.2067032.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Botros J, Gornitsky M, Samim F, der Khatchadourian Z, Velly AM. Back and neck pain: A comparison between acute and chronic pain-related Temporomandibular Disorders. Can J Pain. 2022;6(1):112–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2022.2067032.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Speciali JG, Dach F. Temporomandibular dysfunction and headache disorder. Headache. 2015;55(Suppl. 1):72–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12515.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Speciali JG, Dach F. Temporomandibular dysfunction and headache disorder. Headache. 2015;55(Suppl. 1):72–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12515.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eriksson PO, Häggman-Henrikson B, Nordh E, Zafar H. Co-ordinated mandibular and head-neck movements during rhythmic jaw activities in man. J Dent Res. 2000;79(6):1378–1384. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345000790060501.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eriksson PO, Häggman-Henrikson B, Nordh E, Zafar H. Co-ordinated mandibular and head-neck movements during rhythmic jaw activities in man. J Dent Res. 2000;79(6):1378–1384. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345000790060501.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotiranta U, Forssell H, Kauppila T. Painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and comorbidities in primary care: associations with pain-related disability. Acta Odontol Scand. 2019;77(1):22–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2018.1493219.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotiranta U, Forssell H, Kauppila T. Painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and comorbidities in primary care: associations with pain-related disability. Acta Odontol Scand. 2019;77(1):22–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2018.1493219.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harper DE, Schrepf A, Clauw DJ. Pain Mechanisms and Centralized Pain in Temporomandibular Disorders. J Dent Res. 2016;95(10):1102–1108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516657070.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harper DE, Schrepf A, Clauw DJ. Pain Mechanisms and Centralized Pain in Temporomandibular Disorders. J Dent Res. 2016;95(10):1102–1108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516657070.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferrillo M, Migliario M, Marotta N, Fortunato F, Bindi M, Pezzotti F et al. Temporomandibular disorders and neck pain in primary headache patients: a retrospective machine learning study. Acta Odontol Scand. 2023;81(2):151–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2022.2105945.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferrillo M, Migliario M, Marotta N, Fortunato F, Bindi M, Pezzotti F et al. Temporomandibular disorders and neck pain in primary headache patients: a retrospective machine learning study. Acta Odontol Scand. 2023;81(2):151–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2022.2105945.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keser Z, Chiang CC, Benson JC, Pezzini A, Lanzino G. Cervical Artery Dissections: Etiopathogenesis and Management. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2022;18:685–700. https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S362844.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keser Z, Chiang CC, Benson JC, Pezzini A, Lanzino G. Cervical Artery Dissections: Etiopathogenesis and Management. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2022;18:685–700. https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S362844.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калашникова ЛА, Добрынина ЛА. Диссекция артерий головного мозга. М.: ВАКО; 2013. 206 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Калашникова ЛА, Добрынина ЛА. Диссекция артерий головного мозга. М.: ВАКО; 2013. 206 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silbert PL, Mokri B, Schievink WI. Headache and neck pain in spontaneous internal carotid and vertebral artery dissections. Neurology. 1995;45(8):1517–1522. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.45.8.1517.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silbert PL, Mokri B, Schievink WI. Headache and neck pain in spontaneous internal carotid and vertebral artery dissections. Neurology. 1995;45(8):1517–1522. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.45.8.1517.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Debette S, Grond-Ginsbach C, Bodenant M, Kloss M, Engelter S, Metso T et al.; Cervical Artery Dissection Ischemic Stroke Patients (CADISP) Group. Differential features of carotid and vertebral artery dissections: the CADISP study. Neurology. 2011;77(12):1174–1181. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822f03fc.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Debette S, Grond-Ginsbach C, Bodenant M, Kloss M, Engelter S, Metso T et al.; Cervical Artery Dissection Ischemic Stroke Patients (CADISP) Group. Differential features of carotid and vertebral artery dissections: the CADISP study. Neurology. 2011;77(12):1174–1181. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822f03fc.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diamanti S, Longoni M, Agostoni EC. Leading symptoms in cerebrovascular diseases: what about headache? Neurol Sci. 2019;40(Suppl. 1):147–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-019-03793-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diamanti S, Longoni M, Agostoni EC. Leading symptoms in cerebrovascular diseases: what about headache? Neurol Sci. 2019;40(Suppl. 1):147–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-019-03793-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
