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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2024-531</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8808</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕЙРОДЕГЕНЕРАТИВНЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поздняя диагностика спинальной мышечной атрофии, первичные симптомы заболевания по данным реестра пациентов фонда «Семьи СМА»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Late diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy, primary symptoms of the disease according to the patient registry of the SMA Families Foundation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8876-7462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемьева</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemyeva</surname><given-names>S. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артемьева Светлана Брониславовна - к.м.н., заведующая детским психоневрологическим отделением №2.</p><p>125412, Москва, ул. Талдомская, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana В. Artemyeva - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Children’s Neuropsychiatric Department No. 2, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery.</p><p>2, Taldomskaya St., Moscow, 125412</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artemievasb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3794-6855</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Папина</surname><given-names>Ю. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Papina</surname><given-names>Yu. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Папина Юлия Олеговна - врач-невролог детского психоневрологического отделения №2.</p><p>125412, Москва, ул. Талдомская, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia О. Papina - Neurologist of the children’s Neuropsychiatric Department No. 2, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery.</p><p>2, Taldomskaya St., Moscow, 125412</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8977-5766</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Германенко</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Germanenko</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Германенко Ольга Юрьевна – директор.</p><p>115408, Москва, ул. Борисовские Пруды, д. 48, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Germanenko - Director, Charitable Foundation “SMA Families”.</p><p>48, Bldg. 2, Borisovskie Prudy St., Moscow, 115408</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Благотворительный фонд «Семьи СМА»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Charitable Foundation “SMA Families”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>22</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Артемьева С.Б., Папина Ю.О., Германенко О.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Артемьева С.Б., Папина Ю.О., Германенко О.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Artemyeva S.В., Papina Y.О., Germanenko O.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8808">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8808</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Спинальная мышечная атрофия 5q – часто встречающееся заболевание детского возраста в практике врача-педиатра и детского невролога. Несмотря на введение неонатального скрининга в РФ с 2023 г., имеется когорта пациентов, которые не вошли в неонатальный скрининг, поэтому актуальность знаний клинических симптомов СМА сохраняется.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить причины поздней диагностики спинальной мышечной атрофии в Российской Федерации.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Нами проведен анализ данных реестра 1 452 пациентов фонда «Семьи СМА»: время задержки постановки диагноза с момента появления первых клинических симптомов, определены первые клинические симптомы и проанализированы ошибочные первичные диагнозы, которые увеличили время постановки правильного диагноза. Пациенты были разделены на две группы: 1-я группа пациентов (1 170), которые родились до 2019 г., и 2-я группа пациентов (274), родившихся с 2019 до 2023 г. Проведен анализ медицинской документации 330 пациентов со СМА, наблюдающихся в Научно-исследовательском клиническом институте педиатрии и детской хирургии им. акад. Ю.Е. Вельтищева, с целью анализа клинических симптомов СМА, которые были недооценены врачами первичного звена и привели к задержке постановки правильного диагноза.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В 1-й группе пациентов зарегистрировано 146 пациентов со СМА 1-го типа, 531 – со СМА 2-го типа, 493 – со СМА 3-го типа, 8 – со СМА 4-го типа. Время задержки в постановке диагноза составило 4 мес.; 2 года 4 мес.; 5 лет 2 мес.; 11 лет соответственно. Во 2-й группе пациентов зарегистрировано 176 пациентов со СМА 1-го типа, 81 – со СМА 2-го типа, 17 – со СМА 3-го типа. Задержка в постановке диагноза «СМА1» составила 2 мес., СМА2 – 6 мес., СМА3 – 6 мес. С 2019 г. отмечается значительное снижение времени задержки в постановки диагноза, особенно для СМА 2-х и 3-х типов до 6 мес. Определены первичные и наиболее значимые клинические симптомы для пациентов с различными типами СМА.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Недооценка клинических симптомов спинальной мышечной атрофии приводит к поздней молекулярно-генетической диагностике заболевания. Выявленные начальные клинические признаки, характерные для спинальной мышечной атрофии разных типов, позволяют врачам первичного звена вовремя заподозрить заболевание и направить пациентов на подтверждающую молекулярно-генетическую диагностику.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Spinal muscular atrophy 5q is a common childhood disease in the practice of a pediatrician and pediatric neurologist. Despite the introduction of neonatal screening in the Russian Federation since 2023, there is a cohort of patients who were not included in neonatal screening and the relevance of knowledge of the clinical symptoms of SMA remains.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the reasons for delayed diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy in the Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We analyzed the data of the registry of 1452 patients with SMA: the time of delay in diagnosis from the onset of the first clinical symptoms, identified the first clinical symptoms and analyzed erroneous primary diagnoses that increased the time of correct diagnosis. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 of patients (1170) born before 2019, the second group of patients (274) born from 2019 to 2023. An analysis of the medical records of 330 patients with SMA observed at the Veltischev Scientific Research Institute was conducted in order to analyze the clinical symptoms of SMA that were underestimated by primary care physicians and led to a delay in correct diagnosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the 1st group of patients, 146 patients with SMA type 1, 531 SMA type 2, 493 – SMA type 3, 8 – SMA type 4 were registered. The delay in diagnosis was 4 months, 2 years 4 months, 5 years 2 months, 11 years, respectively. In the 2nd group of patients, 176 patients with SMA type 1, 81 – SMA type 2, 17 – SMA type 3 were registered. The delay in diagnosis was SMA1 – 2 months, SMA2 – 6 months, SMA3 – 6 months. Since 2019, there has been a significant decrease in the delay in diagnosis, especially for SMA types 2 and 3 up to 6 months. The primary and most significant clinical symptoms for patients with different types of SMA are determined.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Underestimating of clinical symptoms of spinal muscular atrophy leads to late molecular genetic diagnosis of the disease. The identified initial clinical signs of spinal muscular atrophy of different types will allow primary care physicians to suspect the disease in time and refer patients for confirmatory molecular genetic diagnostics.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спинальная мышечная атрофия</kwd><kwd>мышечная гипотония</kwd><kwd>задержка моторного развития</kwd><kwd>поздняя диагностика</kwd><kwd>нервно-мышечные заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spinal muscular atrophy</kwd><kwd>muscular hypotonia</kwd><kwd>motor development delay</kwd><kwd>late diagnosis</kwd><kwd>neuromuscular diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Amico A, Mercuri E, Tiziano FD, Bertini E. Spinal muscular atrophy. 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