<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2025-009</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8945</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ КОЖИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DERMAL DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-эпидемиологические и лабораторные особенности инсектной аллергии при кожном мастоцитозе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical, epidemiological and laboratory features of insect allergy in cutaneous mastocytosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-8821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касихина</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasikhina</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Касихина Елена Игоревна, к.м.н., доцент, врач-дерматовенеролог, Московский научно-практический центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии; доцент кафедры дерматовенерологии, аллергологии и косметологии Медицинского института, Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</p><p>119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 17?</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Kasikhina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Dermatologist, Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology; Associate Professor, Department of Dermatovenereology, Allergology and Cosmetology, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</p><p>17, Lenin Ave., Moscow, 119071,</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kasprof@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3386-1467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Острецова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostretsova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Острецова Мария Николаевна, к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры дерматовенерологии, аллергологии и косметологии Медицинского института</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria N. Ostretsova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Dermatovenereology, Allergology and Cosmetology, Institute of Medicine</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostretsova-mn@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1193-3247</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нада</surname><given-names>А. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nada</surname><given-names>A. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нада Ахмед Яссер, аспирант кафедры дерматовенерологии, аллергологии и косметологии Медицинского института</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ahmed Ya. Nada, Postgraduate Student, Department of Dermatovenereology, Allergology and Cosmetology, Institute of Medicine</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ahmed_nada391@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии; Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology; &#13;
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Касихина Е.И., Острецова М.Н., Нада А.Я., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Касихина Е.И., Острецова М.Н., Нада А.Я.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kasikhina E.I., Ostretsova M.N., Nada A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8945">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8945</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Мастоцитоз – это редкое новообразование, характеризующееся аномальной пролиферацией и активацией клональных тучных клеток, обычно несущих мутацию KITD816V. Системные симптомы, вызванные медиаторами тучных клеток, при мастоцитозе могут возникать спонтанно или провоцироваться определенными стимулами, в т. ч. при ужалении перепончатокрылыми и укусах кровососущими двукрылыми насекомыми. В настоящее время эпидемиологические аспекты, особенности клинической картины и лабораторной диагностики, связанные с укусами насекомых у детей с кожным мастоцитозом, мало изучены.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Проанализировать частоту и клинико-лабораторные особенности инсектной аллергии у детей с различными клиническими формами кожного мастоцитоза.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено одноцентровое проспективное наблюдательное исследование, в которое включили данные 310 детей, находившихся на амбулаторном лечении и наблюдении в ГБУЗ «Московский центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии» в период с марта 2022 г. по октябрь 2024 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Реакции на укусы перепончатокрылых в группе у детей с КМ развивались редко и составляли 1,3%. Группа риска – дети с пятнисто-папулезным кожным мастоцитозом с уровнем базальной сывороточной триптазы (БСТ) выше 5,0 мкг/л. Доля детей с системными проявлениями на укусы как жалящих, так и кровососущих насекомых и уровнем БСТ более 8,0 мкг/л составила 45,5%, что значимо выше (р &lt; 0,01), чем доля детей с низкими значениями БСТ (18,1%). Реакции на укусы двукрылых (кровососущих) насекомых были зарегистрированы у 9,4% детей со всеми клиническими формами кожного мастоцитоза. Исследование титров специфического IgE к яду осы обыкновенной показало незначимую степень сенсибилизации у всех детей с системными реакциями на укусы перепончатокрылых.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Контроль за динамикой уровней триптазы у детей с кожным мастоцитозом и своевременная терапевтическая коррекция кожных проявлений мастоцитоза (пузыри, волдыри, зуд, приливы) являются важным аспектом профилактики развития системных медиаторных симптомов и анафилаксии на укусы насекомых. Наблюдение детей с мастоцитозом и инсектной аллергией должно проводиться совместно с аллергологом-иммунологом. Особое внимание следует уделять пациентам с мономорфным («взрослым») типом пятнисто-папулезного кожного мастоцитоза и уровнем триптазы выше 20,0 мкг/л, у которых существуют риски развития системного мастоцитоза и анафилактического шока на укусы перепончатокрылых насекомых. Результаты нашего исследования демонстрируют актуальность дальнейшего изучения клиникоэпидемиологических и лабораторных особенностей инсектной аллергии в группе детей с кожным мастоцитозом.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Mastocytosis is a rare neoplasm characterized by abnormal proliferation and activation of clonal mast cells usually harbouring the KIT D816V mutation. Systemic symptoms of mastocytosis induced by mast cell mediators can occur spontaneously or are provoked by certain stimuli such as hymenoptera insect stings and blood-sucking dipteran insect bites. Today, the epidemiological aspects, features of clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis associated with insect bites in children with cutaneous mastocytosis are poorly known.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To review the incidence, clinical and laboratory features of insect allergy in children with various clinical forms of cutaneous mastocytosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A prospective observational single‐centre study was conducted. It contained information from 310 children who underwent outpatient treatment and observation at the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution – Moscow Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology during the period from March 2022 to October 2024.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Reactions to Hymenoptera bites in the group of children with cutaneous mastocytosis developed rarely, in 1.3% of cases. The risk group included children with maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis with a basal serum tryptase (BST) level above 5.0 μg/L. The proportion of children with systemic manifestations to bites of both stinging and blood-sucking insects and a BST level of more than 8.0 μg/L was 45.5%, which is significantly higher (p &lt; 0.01) than the proportion of children with low BST values (18.1%). Reactions to Diptera (blood-sucking) insect bites were observed in 9.4% of children with all clinical forms of cutaneous mastocytosis. A study of the level of specific IgE to wasp venom showed an insignificant degree of sensitization in all children with systemic reactions to hymenoptera bites.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Monitoring the dynamics of tryptase levels in children with cutaneous mastocytosis and timely therapeutic correction of cutaneous manifestations of mastocytosis (vesicles, wheals, itching, flushes) is an important aspect aspect of the prevention of systemic mediator symptoms and anaphylaxis to insect bites. Children with mastocytosis and insect allergy should be treated jointly by a dermatovenerologist and an allergist-immunologist. Particular attention should be paid to patients with monomorphic (“adult”) type of maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis with tryptase level above 20.0 μg/l, who have risks of developing systemic mastocytosis and anaphylaxis to hymenoptera bites. The results of our study demonstrate the relevance of further study of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory features of insect allergy in a group of children with cutaneous mastocytosis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кожный мастоцитоз</kwd><kwd>инсектная аллергия</kwd><kwd>укусы насекомых</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>уровень триптазы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cutaneous mastocytosis</kwd><kwd>insect allergy</kwd><kwd>insect bites</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>tryptase level</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valent P, Akin C, Sperr WR, Horny HP, Arock M, Metcalfe DD, Galli SJ. New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Mastocytosis: Emerging Concepts in Diagnosis and Therapy. Annu Rev Pathol. 2023;18:361–386. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-042618.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valent P, Akin C, Sperr WR, Horny HP, Arock M, Metcalfe DD, Galli SJ. New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Mastocytosis: Emerging Concepts in Diagnosis and Therapy. Annu Rev Pathol. 2023;18:361–386. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-042618.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khoury JD, Solary E, Abla O, Akkari Y, Alaggio R, Apperley JF еt al. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Myeloid and Histiocytic/Dendritic Neoplasms. Leukemia. 2022;36(7):1703–1719. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-022-01613-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khoury JD, Solary E, Abla O, Akkari Y, Alaggio R, Apperley JF еt al. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Myeloid and Histiocytic/Dendritic Neoplasms. Leukemia. 2022;36(7):1703–1719. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-022-01613-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pardanani A. Systemic mastocytosis in adults: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management. Am J Hematol. 2023;98(7):1097–1116. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.26962.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pardanani A. Systemic mastocytosis in adults: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management. Am J Hematol. 2023;98(7):1097–1116. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.26962.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lugowska-Umer H, Czarny J, Rydz A, Nowicki RJ, Lange M. Current Challenges in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Cutaneous Mastocytosis. Diagnostics. 2023;13(23):3583. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13233583.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lugowska-Umer H, Czarny J, Rydz A, Nowicki RJ, Lange M. Current Challenges in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Cutaneous Mastocytosis. Diagnostics. 2023;13(23):3583. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13233583.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касихина ЕИ, Жукова ОВ, Острецова МН, Кочетков МА, Нада АЯ. Флашинг-реакции у детей с кожным мастоцитозом. Медицинский совет. 2024;18(5):240–247. https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-099.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasikhina EI, Zhukova OV, Ostretsova MN, Kochetkov MA, Nada AYа. Flushing in children with cutaneous mastocytosis. Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2024;18(5):240–247. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-099.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dispenza MC. Classification of hypersensitivity reactions. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2019;40(6):470–473. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2019.40.4274.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dispenza MC. Classification of hypersensitivity reactions. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2019;40(6):470–473. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2019.40.4274.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Theoharides TC, Valent P, Akin C. Mast cells, mastocytosis, and related disorders. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(2):163–172. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1409760.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Theoharides TC, Valent P, Akin C. Mast cells, mastocytosis, and related disorders. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(2):163–172. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1409760.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касихина ЕИ, Потекаев НН, Острецова МН, Жукова ОВ, Окенаева А, Маркович КИ. Кожный мастоцитоз и аллергические заболевания у детей: одномоментное исследование. Российский аллергологический журнал. 2023;20(4):429–438. https://doi.org/10.36691/RJA15044.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasikhina EI, Potekaev NN, Ostretsova MN, Zhukova OV, Okenaeva A, Markovich KI. Cutaneous mastocytosis and allergic diseases in children: A cross-sectional study. Russian Journal of Allergy. 2023;20(4):429–438. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36691/RJA15044.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broesby-Olsen S, Dybedal I, Gülen T, Kristensen TK, Moller MB, Ackermann L еt al. Multidisciplinary Management of Mastocytosis: Nordic Expert Group Consensus. Acta Derm Venereol. 2016;96(5):602–612. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-2325.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Broesby-Olsen S, Dybedal I, Gülen T, Kristensen TK, Moller MB, Ackermann L еt al. Multidisciplinary Management of Mastocytosis: Nordic Expert Group Consensus. Acta Derm Venereol. 2016;96(5):602–612. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-2325.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gülen T. A Puzzling Mast Cell Trilogy: Anaphylaxis, MCAS, and Mastocytosis. Diagnostics. 2023;13(21):3307. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13213307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gülen T. A Puzzling Mast Cell Trilogy: Anaphylaxis, MCAS, and Mastocytosis. Diagnostics. 2023;13(21):3307. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13213307.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brockow K, Plata-Nazar K, Lange M, Nedoszytko B, Niedoszytko M, Valent P. Mediator-Related Symptoms and Anaphylaxis in Children with Mastocytosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2684. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052684.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brockow K, Plata-Nazar K, Lange M, Nedoszytko B, Niedoszytko M, Valent P. Mediator-Related Symptoms and Anaphylaxis in Children with Mastocytosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2684. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052684.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niedoszytko M, Bonadonna P, Oude Elberink JN, Golden DB. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Hymenoptera venom allergy in mastocytosis patients. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2014;34(2):365–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2014.02.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niedoszytko M, Bonadonna P, Oude Elberink JN, Golden DB. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Hymenoptera venom allergy in mastocytosis patients. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2014;34(2):365–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2014.02.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruëff F, Placzek M, Przybilla B. Mastocytosis and Hymenoptera venom allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;6(4):284–288. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.all.0000235903.10548.63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruëff F, Placzek M, Przybilla B. Mastocytosis and Hymenoptera venom allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;6(4):284–288. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.all.0000235903.10548.63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зяблицкая НК, Ковалева ЮС, Кокина ОА, Галуцкая ЕВ. Инсектная аллергия: местные и системные проявления. Клиническая дерматология и венерология. 2020;19(5):691–699. https://doi.org/10.17116/klinderma202019051691.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zyablitskaya NK, Kovaleva YuS, Kokina OA, Galutskaya EV. Insect allergy: local and systemic manifestations. Klinicheskaya Dermatologiya i Venerologiya. 2020;19(5):691–699. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/klinderma202019051691.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cavazos A, Subrt P, Tschen JA. Delayed diagnosis of adult-onset mastocytosis. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2022;35(5):717–718. https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2022.2081914.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cavazos A, Subrt P, Tschen JA. Delayed diagnosis of adult-onset mastocytosis. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2022;35(5):717–718. https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2022.2081914.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">González-de-Olano D, Alvarez-Twose I, Vega A, Orfao A, Escribano L. Venom immunotherapy in patients with mastocytosis and hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis. Immunotherapy. 2011;3(5):637–651. https://doi.org/10.2217/imt.11.44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">González-de-Olano D, Alvarez-Twose I, Vega A, Orfao A, Escribano L. Venom immunotherapy in patients with mastocytosis and hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis. Immunotherapy. 2011;3(5):637–651. https://doi.org/10.2217/imt.11.44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonadonna P, Bonifacio M, Lombardo C, Zanotti R. Hymenoptera Allergy and Mast Cell Activation Syndromes. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016;16(1):5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-015-0582-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonadonna P, Bonifacio M, Lombardo C, Zanotti R. Hymenoptera Allergy and Mast Cell Activation Syndromes. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016;16(1):5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-015-0582-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giannetti MP, Nicoloro-SantaBarbara J, Godwin G, Middlesworth J, Espeland A, Douvas JL еt al. Challenges in Drug and Hymenoptera Venom Hypersensitivity Diagnosis and Management in Mastocytosis. Diagnostics. 2024;14(2):123. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14020123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giannetti MP, Nicoloro-SantaBarbara J, Godwin G, Middlesworth J, Espeland A, Douvas JL еt al. Challenges in Drug and Hymenoptera Venom Hypersensitivity Diagnosis and Management in Mastocytosis. Diagnostics. 2024;14(2):123. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14020123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grabenhenrich LB, Dölle S, Moneret-Vautrin A, Köhli A, Lange L, Spindler T еt al. Anaphylaxis in children and adolescents: The European Anaphylaxis Registry. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137(4):1128–1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grabenhenrich LB, Dölle S, Moneret-Vautrin A, Köhli A, Lange L, Spindler T еt al. Anaphylaxis in children and adolescents: The European Anaphylaxis Registry. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137(4):1128–1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novembre E, Gelsomino M, Liotti L, Barni S, Mori F, Giovannini M еt al. Fatal food anaphylaxis in adults and children. Ital J Pediatr. 2024;50(1):40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-024-01608-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novembre E, Gelsomino M, Liotti L, Barni S, Mori F, Giovannini M еt al. Fatal food anaphylaxis in adults and children. Ital J Pediatr. 2024;50(1):40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-024-01608-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Worm M, Eckermann O, Dölle S, Aberer W, Beyer K, Hawranek T еt al. Triggers and treatment of anaphylaxis: an analysis of 4,000 cases from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2014;111(21):367–375. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Worm M, Eckermann O, Dölle S, Aberer W, Beyer K, Hawranek T еt al. Triggers and treatment of anaphylaxis: an analysis of 4,000 cases from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2014;111(21):367–375. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matito A, Carter M. Cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis in children: a risk factor for anaphylaxis? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015;15(5):22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-015-0525-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matito A, Carter M. Cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis in children: a risk factor for anaphylaxis? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015;15(5):22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-015-0525-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golden DBK, Carter MC. Insect Sting Anaphylaxis-Or Mastocytosis-Or Something Else? J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019;7(4):1117–1123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2019.01.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golden DBK, Carter MC. Insect Sting Anaphylaxis-Or Mastocytosis-Or Something Else? J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019;7(4):1117–1123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2019.01.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потапенко ВГ, Талыпов СР. Тяжелое течение кожного мастоцитоза у ребенка: клиническое наблюдение. Практика педиатра. 2024;(1):47–52. Режим доступа: https://medi.ru/pp/2024/01/28272.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potapenko VG, Talypov SR. Severe course of cutaneous mastocytosis in a child: clinical observation. Paediatrician Practice. 2024;(1):47–52. (In Russ.) Available at: https://medi.ru/pp/2024/01/28272.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касихина ЕИ, Нада АЯ, Острецова МН, Жукова ОВ, Кочетков МА, Ханферьян РА. Особенности клинического течения мономорфного типа пятнисто-папулезного кожного мастоцитоза. Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина. 2024;27(3):382–389. Режим доступа: https://medj.rucml.ru/journal/45562d5255444e2d41525449434c452d3430383538.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasikhina EI, Nada AYa, Ostretsova MN, Zhukova OV, Kochetkov MA, Khanferyan RA. Monomorphic type сlinical features of maculo-papular cutaneous mastocytosis. RUDN Journal of Medicine. 2024;27(3):382–389. (In Russ.) Available at: https://medj.rucml.ru/journal/45562d5255444e2d41525449434c452d3430383538.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farioli L, Losappio LM, Schroeder JW, Preziosi D, Scibilia J, Caron L еt al. Basal Tryptase Levels Can Predict Clinical Severity in Hymenoptera Venom Anaphylaxis and Ischemic Cardiovascular Disorders. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2019;29(2):162–164. https://doi.org/10.18176/jiaci.0363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farioli L, Losappio LM, Schroeder JW, Preziosi D, Scibilia J, Caron L еt al. Basal Tryptase Levels Can Predict Clinical Severity in Hymenoptera Venom Anaphylaxis and Ischemic Cardiovascular Disorders. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2019;29(2):162–164. https://doi.org/10.18176/jiaci.0363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Connell MP, Lyons JJ. Hymenoptera venom-induced anaphylaxis and hereditary alpha-tryptasemia. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;20(5):431–437. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000000678.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Connell MP, Lyons JJ. Hymenoptera venom-induced anaphylaxis and hereditary alpha-tryptasemia. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;20(5):431–437. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000000678.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sprinzl B, Greiner G, Uyanik G, Arock M, Haferlach T, Sperr WR еt al. Genetic Regulation of Tryptase Production and Clinical Impact: Hereditary Alpha Tryptasemia, Mastocytosis and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2458. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sprinzl B, Greiner G, Uyanik G, Arock M, Haferlach T, Sperr WR еt al. Genetic Regulation of Tryptase Production and Clinical Impact: Hereditary Alpha Tryptasemia, Mastocytosis and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2458. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052458.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потекаев НН, Касихина ЕИ, Жукова ОВ, Острецова МН, Нада АЯ. Анализ уровней триптазы у детей с кожным мастоцитозом: проспективное исследование. Российский аллергологический журнал. 2024;21(3):337–347. https://doi.org/10.36691/RJA16963.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potekaev NN, Kasikhina EI, Zhukova OV, Ostretsova MN, Nada AYа. Tryptase levels in children with cutaneous mastocytosis: a prospective study. Russian Journal of Allergy. 2024;21(3):337–347. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36691/RJA16963.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
