<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2024-559</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-8997</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОГНИТИВНЫЕ РАССТРОЙСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COGNITIVE DISRODERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Как сохранить когнитивное и ментальное здоровье при недостаточности мозгового кровообращения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>How to preserve cognitive and mental health in case of cerebral circulatory insufficiency</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-8970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельская</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belskaya</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бельская Галина Николаевна - д.м.н., профессор, заведующая Многопрофильным клинико-диагностическим центром.</p><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina N. Belskaya - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Multispecialty Clinical Diagnostic Center.</p><p>80, Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow, 125367</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belskaya@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6881-1641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аронов</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aronov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аронов Павел Владимирович - к.м.н., доцент, психиатр-нарколог.</p><p>125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Aronov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Psychiatrist-Narcologist.</p><p>80, Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow, 125367</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@fnkc-fmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научный центр неврологии<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бельская Г.Н., Аронов П.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бельская Г.Н., Аронов П.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belskaya G.N., Aronov P.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8997">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/8997</self-uri><abstract><p>В условиях увеличения продолжительности жизни важным является ее качество, независимо от возраста. В связи с прогрессирующим ростом числа стареющего населения профилактика когнитивного снижения приобрела особую актуальность. Предположительно, умеренное когнитивное расстройство встречается среди лиц в возрасте 60 лет и старше в 10–36,7% случаев. С возрастом возникают инволютивные процессы головного мозга, что в сочетании с микроангиопатией приводит к развитию хронической ишемии мозга (ХИМ). Ядром этой патологии является когнитивное расстройство в сочетании с ментальными, некогнитивными (эмоционально-аффективными, поведенческими, психотическими) нервно-психическими проявлениями. Важно сохранить когнитивное и ментальное здоровье, а добиться этого возможно путем воздействия на потенциально модифицируемые факторы риска развития деменции. Так, в отчете постоянной комиссии по профилактике деменции, вмешательству и уходу за больными журнала Lancet в 2024 г. выделено 14 модифицируемых факторов риска деменции, доля которых составила 45% от всех факторов: низкий уровень образования, утрата слуха, артериальная гипертензия, ожирение, табакокурение, депрессия, гиподинамия, социальная изоляция, сахарный диабет, высокий уровень холестерина ЛПНП, злоупотребление алкоголем, черепно-мозговая травма, загрязнение воздуха и утрата зрения. Для воздействия на них необходимо повышение физической активности, когнитивное стимулирование, нормализация сна, соблюдение рекомендаций по питанию, коррекция зрения и слуха, контроль уровня АД и т. д. Не менее важным является выполнение назначений врача по приему необходимой гиполипидемической, антигипертензивной, антиагрегантной терапии в зависимости от сопутствующей патологии, а также нейротрофических, вазоактивных, антиоксидантных препаратов. В качестве иллюстрации приведены 2 клинических случая. Препаратами выбора для коррекции когнитивных, нейропсихологических нарушений должны быть высокоэффективные препараты с хорошим профилем безопасности. Комбинированные лекарственные средства имеют преимущества благодаря синергизму действия его компонентов, повышению приверженности пациента к лечению, исключению полипрагмазии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In conditions of increasing life expectancy, its quality is important, regardless of age. Due to the progressive growth of the aging population, the prevention of cognitive decline has become particularly relevant. Presumably moderate cognitive impairment occurs among people aged 60 years and older in 10–36.7% of cases. With age, involutive brain processes occur, which, in combination with microangiopathy, leads to the development of chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI). The core of this pathology is a cognitive disorder in combination with mental, non-cognitive (emotional-affective, behavioral, psychotic) neuropsychiatric manifestations. It is important to maintain cognitive and mental health, and this can be achieved by influencing potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia. Thus, in the report of the permanent commission on dementia prevention, intervention and patient care of the Lancet magazine, in 2024, 14 modifiable risk factors for dementia were identified, the share of which amounted to 45% of all factors: low level of education, hearing loss, hypertension, obesity, tobacco smoking, depression, physical inactivity, social isolation, diabetes mellitus, high LDL cholesterol, alcohol abuse, traumatic brain injury, air pollution and vision loss. To influence them, it is necessary to increase physical activity, cognitive stimulation, normalization of sleep, compliance with dietary recommendations, correction of vision and hearing, control of blood pressure, etc. It is equally important to follow the doctorеs prescriptions for taking the necessary lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, antiplatelet therapy, depending on the concomitant pathology, as well as neurotrophic, vasoactive, antioxidant drugs. 2 clinical cases are given as an illustration. The drugs of choice for the correction of cognitive and neuropsychological disorders should be highly effective drugs with a good safety profile. Combined medicines have advantages due to the synergism of the action of its components, increasing the patient’s adherence to treatment, and eliminating polypragmasia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая ишемия головного мозга</kwd><kwd>сохранение когнитивных функций</kwd><kwd>ментальное здоровье</kwd><kwd>улучшение мозгового кровообращения</kwd><kwd>винпоцетин</kwd><kwd>пирацетам</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic cerebral ischemia</kwd><kwd>preservation of cognitive functions</kwd><kwd>mental health</kwd><kwd>improvement of cerebral circulation</kwd><kwd>vinpocetine</kwd><kwd>piracetam</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боголепова АН, Мхитарян ЭА, Левин ОС. Когнитивные нарушения при сосудистых заболеваниях головного мозга. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2024;124(4-2):12–16. https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202412404212.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogolepova AN, Mkhitaryan EA, Levin OS. Cognitive impairment in cerebrovascular diseases. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2024;124(4-2):12–16. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202412404212.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zlokovic BV, Gottesman RF, Bernstein KE, Seshadri S, McKee A, Snyder H et al. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): a report from the 2018 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Workshop. Alzheimers Dement. 2020;16(12):1714–1733. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zlokovic BV, Gottesman RF, Bernstein KE, Seshadri S, McKee A, Snyder H et al. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): a report from the 2018 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Workshop. Alzheimers Dement. 2020;16(12):1714–1733. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Улумбекова ГЭ, Прохоренко НФ, Калашникова АВ, Гиноян АБ. Системный подход к достижению общенациональной цели по увеличению ожидаемой продолжительности жизни до 78 лет к 2024 году. Экономика. Налоги. Право. 2019;12(2):19–30. https://doi.org/10.26794/1999-849X-2019-12-2-19-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulumbekova GE, Prokhorenko NF, Kalashnikova AV, Ghinoyan AB. A system approach to achieving the national goal of increasing life expectancy to 78 years by 2024. Ehkonomika. Nalogi. Pravo. 2019;12(2):19–30. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26794/1999849X-2019-12-2-19-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткачева ОН, Яхно НН, Незнанов НГ, Шпорт СВ, Шамалов НА, Левин ОС и др. Когнитивные расстройства у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста: клинические рекомендации. 2024. Режим доступа: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_488514/457e7ab999c22e9bb895ddfe6d742fe5e704fee4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ткачева ОН, Яхно НН, Незнанов НГ, Шпорт СВ, Шамалов НА, Левин ОС и др. Когнитивные расстройства у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста: клинические рекомендации. 2024. Режим доступа: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_488514/457e7ab999c22e9bb895ddfe6d742fe5e704fee4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sachdev PS, Lipnicki DM, Kochan NA, Grawford JD, Thalamuthu A, Andrews G et al. The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Diverse Geographical and Ethnocultural Regions: The COSMIC Collaboration. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(11):e0142388. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142388.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sachdev PS, Lipnicki DM, Kochan NA, Grawford JD, Thalamuthu A, Andrews G et al. The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Diverse Geographical and Ethnocultural Regions: The COSMIC Collaboration. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(11):e0142388. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142388.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rizzi L, Rosset I, Roriz-Cruz M. Global Epidemiology of Dementia: Alzheimer’s and Vascular Types. BioMed Res Int. 2014;2014:908915. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/908915.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rizzi L, Rosset I, Roriz-Cruz M. Global Epidemiology of Dementia: Alzheimer’s and Vascular Types. BioMed Res Int. 2014;2014:908915. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/908915.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Livingston G, Huntley J, Sommerlad A, Ames D, Ballard C, Banerjee S et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2020;396(10248):413–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Livingston G, Huntley J, Sommerlad A, Ames D, Ballard C, Banerjee S et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2020;396(10248):413–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Livingston G, Huntley J, Liu KY, Costafreda SG, Selbæk G, Alladi S et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission. Lancet. 2024;404(10452):572–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01296-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Livingston G, Huntley J, Liu KY, Costafreda SG, Selbæk G, Alladi S et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission. Lancet. 2024;404(10452):572–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01296-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Танашян ММ, Лагода ОВ, Антонова КВ. Цереброваскулярная патология и метаболический синдром. М.: АСТ 345; 2019. 376 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Танашян ММ, Лагода ОВ, Антонова КВ. Цереброваскулярная патология и метаболический синдром. М.: АСТ 345; 2019. 376 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаров ВВ, Вахнина НВ, Громова ДО. Когнитивные нарушения и метаболический синдром. Доктор.Ру. 2016;121(4):14–21. Режим доступа: https://journaldoctor.ru/catalog/nevrologiya/kognitivnye-narusheniya-imetabolicheskiy-sindrom/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharov VV, Vakhnina NV, Gromova DO. Cognitive impairment and metabolic syndrome. Doktor.Ru. 2016;121(4):14–21. (In Russ.) Available at: https://journaldoctor.ru/catalog/nevrologiya/kognitivnye-narusheniya-imetabolicheskiy-sindrom/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rundek T, Tolea M, Ariko T, Fagerli EA, Camargo CJ. Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI). Neurotherapeutics. 2022;19(1):68–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-021-01170-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rundek T, Tolea M, Ariko T, Fagerli EA, Camargo CJ. Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI). Neurotherapeutics. 2022;19(1):68–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-021-01170-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаров ВВ, Слепцова КБ, Мартынова ОО. Хроническая ишемия мозга: взгляд из ХХI века. РМЖ. 2021;(5):45–49. Режим доступа: https://www.rusmedreview.com/upload/iblock/23a/45-49.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharov VV, Sleptsova KB, Martynova OO. Chronic cerebral ischemia: a view from the XXI century. RMJ. 2021;(5):45–49. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.rusmedreview.com/upload/iblock/23a/45-49.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Романчук НП, Волобуев АН, Краснов СВ. Наука о когнитивном мозге: глимфатическая (лимфатическая) система, циркадианный стресс и хронические инсомнии. Бюллетень науки и практики. 2023;9(4):183–219. https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romanchuk NP, Volobuev AN, Krasnov SV. Cognitive brain science: glymphatic (lymphatic) system. Bulletin of Science and Practice. 2023;9(4):183–219. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yaffe K, Falvey CM, Hoang T. Connections between sleep and cognition in older adults. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(10):1017–1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70172-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaffe K, Falvey CM, Hoang T. Connections between sleep and cognition in older adults. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(10):1017–1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70172-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu B, Dong Y, Xu Z, Gompf HS, Ward SAP, Xue Z et al. Sleep disturbance induces neuroinflammation and impairment of learning and memory. Neurobiol Dis. 2012;48(3):348–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2012.06.022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu B, Dong Y, Xu Z, Gompf HS, Ward SAP, Xue Z et al. Sleep disturbance induces neuroinflammation and impairment of learning and memory. Neurobiol Dis. 2012;48(3):348–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2012.06.022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McAlpine CS, Kiss MG, Rattik S, He S, Vassalli A, Valet C et al. Sleep modulates haematopoiesis and protects against atherosclerosis. Nature. 2019;566(7744):383–387. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-0948-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McAlpine CS, Kiss MG, Rattik S, He S, Vassalli A, Valet C et al. Sleep modulates haematopoiesis and protects against atherosclerosis. Nature. 2019;566(7744):383–387. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-0948-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benedict C, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Cedernaes J. Effects of acute sleep loss on diurnal plasma dynamics of CNS health biomarkers in young men. Neurology. 2020;94(11):e1181–e1189. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000008866.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benedict C, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Cedernaes J. Effects of acute sleep loss on diurnal plasma dynamics of CNS health biomarkers in young men. Neurology. 2020;94(11):e1181–e1189. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000008866.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shokri-Kojori E, Wang GJ, Wiers CE, Demiral SB, Guo M, Kim SW et al. β-Amyloid accumulation in the human brain after one night of sleep deprivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115(17):4483–4488. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721694115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shokri-Kojori E, Wang GJ, Wiers CE, Demiral SB, Guo M, Kim SW et al. β-Amyloid accumulation in the human brain after one night of sleep deprivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115(17):4483–4488. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721694115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драпкина ОМ, Дроздова ЛЮ, Фисенко ВС, Камкин ЕГ, Котова ЕГ, Флек ВО и др. Методические рекомендации по организации приоритизации пациентов в рамках диспансерного наблюдения. М.; 2022. 42 с. Режим доступа: https://gnicpm.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/metodicheskierekomendaczii-po-organizaczii-prioritizaczii-dn-iyul-avgust-2022-1.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Драпкина ОМ, Дроздова ЛЮ, Фисенко ВС, Камкин ЕГ, Котова ЕГ, Флек ВО и др. Методические рекомендации по организации приоритизации пациентов в рамках диспансерного наблюдения. М.; 2022. 42 с. Режим доступа: https://gnicpm.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/metodicheskierekomendaczii-po-organizaczii-prioritizaczii-dn-iyul-avgust-2022-1.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Камчатнов ПР, Евзельман МА, Морозова ЮА. Возможности комбинированной терапии пациентов с хроническими расстройствами мозгового кровообращения. Поликлиника. 2017;(2-2):73–78. Режим доступа: https://poliklin.ru/article2017_2(2)_73.php.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamchatnov PR, Evzelman MA, Morozova YuA. Neuromethabolic therapy in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disorders. Poliklinika. 2017;(2-2):73–78. (In Russ.) Available at: https://poliklin.ru/article2017_2(2)_73.php.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Y-T, Fratiglioni L, Matthews FE, Lobo A, Breteler MMB, Skoog I, Brayne C. Dementia in Western Europe: epidemiological evidence and implications for policy making. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(1):116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00092-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Y-T, Fratiglioni L, Matthews FE, Lobo A, Breteler MMB, Skoog I, Brayne C. Dementia in Western Europe: epidemiological evidence and implications for policy making. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(1):116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00092-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, Levälahti E, Ahtiluoto S, Antikainen R et al. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;385(9984):2255–2263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60461-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, Levälahti E, Ahtiluoto S, Antikainen R et al. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;385(9984):2255–2263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60461-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Townsend RF, Logan D, O’Neill RF, Prinelli F, Woodside JV, McEvoy CT. Whole dietary patterns, cognitive decline and cognitive disorders: a systematic review of prospective and intervention studies. Nutrients. 2023;15(2):333. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020333.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Townsend RF, Logan D, O’Neill RF, Prinelli F, Woodside JV, McEvoy CT. Whole dietary patterns, cognitive decline and cognitive disorders: a systematic review of prospective and intervention studies. Nutrients. 2023;15(2):333. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020333.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh B, Parsaik AK, Mielke MM, Erwin PJ, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Roberts RO. Association of mediterranean diet with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;39(2):271–282. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-130830.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh B, Parsaik AK, Mielke MM, Erwin PJ, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Roberts RO. Association of mediterranean diet with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;39(2):271–282. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-130830.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bokenberger K, Ström P, Aslan AKD, Johansson ALV, Gatz M, Pedersen NL, Åkerstedt T. Association between sleep characteristics and incident dementia accounting for baseline cognitive status: a prospective population-based study J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2017;72(1):134–139. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glw127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bokenberger K, Ström P, Aslan AKD, Johansson ALV, Gatz M, Pedersen NL, Åkerstedt T. Association between sleep characteristics and incident dementia accounting for baseline cognitive status: a prospective population-based study J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2017;72(1):134–139. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glw127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williamson JD, Pajewski NM, Auchus AP, Bryan RN, Chelune G, Cheung AK. Effect of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control on Probable Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019;321(6):553–561. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.21442.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williamson JD, Pajewski NM, Auchus AP, Bryan RN, Chelune G, Cheung AK. Effect of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control on Probable Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019;321(6):553–561. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.21442.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song D, Yu DSF, Li PWC, Lei Y. The effectiveness of physical exercise on cognitive and psychological outcomes in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;79:155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song D, Yu DSF, Li PWC, Lei Y. The effectiveness of physical exercise on cognitive and psychological outcomes in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;79:155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou S, Chen S, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Li W. Physical Activity Improves Cognition and Activities of Daily Living in Adults with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(3):1216. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou S, Chen S, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Li W. Physical Activity Improves Cognition and Activities of Daily Living in Adults with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(3):1216. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lan X, Zhang M, Yang W, Zheng Z, Wu Y, Zeng Q et al. Effect of treadmill exercise on 5-HT, 5-HT1A receptor and brain derived neurophic factor in rats after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurol Sci. 2014;35(5):761–766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-013-1599-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lan X, Zhang M, Yang W, Zheng Z, Wu Y, Zeng Q et al. Effect of treadmill exercise on 5-HT, 5-HT1A receptor and brain derived neurophic factor in rats after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurol Sci. 2014;35(5):761–766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-013-1599-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pieper NT, Grossi CM, Chan WY, Loke YK, Savva GM, Harouliset C al. Anticholinergic drugs and incident dementia, mild cognitive impairment and cognitive decline: a meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2020;49(6):939–947. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pieper NT, Grossi CM, Chan WY, Loke YK, Savva GM, Harouliset C al. Anticholinergic drugs and incident dementia, mild cognitive impairment and cognitive decline: a meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2020;49(6):939–947. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa090.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petersen RC, Lopez OL, Armstrong MJ, Getchius TSD, Ganguli M, Gloss D. Practice guideline update summary: Mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 2018;90(3):126–135. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004826.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petersen RC, Lopez OL, Armstrong MJ, Getchius TSD, Ganguli M, Gloss D. Practice guideline update summary: Mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 2018;90(3):126–135. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004826.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Mahony D, O’Sullivan D, Byrne S, O’Connor MN, Ryan C, Gallagher P. STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2. Age Ageing. 2015;44(2):213–218. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Mahony D, O’Sullivan D, Byrne S, O’Connor MN, Ryan C, Gallagher P. STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2. Age Ageing. 2015;44(2):213–218. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guarnieri B, Musicco M, Caffarra P, Adorni F, Appollonio I, Arnaldi D et al. Recommendations of the Sleep Study Group of the Italian Dementia Research Association (SINDem) on clinical assessment and management of sleep disorders in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a clinical review. Neurol Sci. 2014;35(9):1329–1348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1873-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guarnieri B, Musicco M, Caffarra P, Adorni F, Appollonio I, Arnaldi D et al. Recommendations of the Sleep Study Group of the Italian Dementia Research Association (SINDem) on clinical assessment and management of sleep disorders in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a clinical review. Neurol Sci. 2014;35(9):1329–1348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1873-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ooms S, Ju YE. Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Dementia. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2016;18(9):40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-016-0424-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ooms S, Ju YE. Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Dementia. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2016;18(9):40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-016-0424-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kivimäki M, Walker KA, Pentti J, Nyberg ST, Mars N, Vahtera J et al. Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia: three analyses of population cohort studies. BMJ. 2021;374:n1804. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1804.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kivimäki M, Walker KA, Pentti J, Nyberg ST, Mars N, Vahtera J et al. Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia: three analyses of population cohort studies. BMJ. 2021;374:n1804. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1804.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim Y, Kim SW, Seo SW, Jang H, Kim KW, Cho SH et al. Effect of education on functional network edge efficiency in Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):17255. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96361-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim Y, Kim SW, Seo SW, Jang H, Kim KW, Cho SH et al. Effect of education on functional network edge efficiency in Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):17255. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96361-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan MY, Han L, Carreno CA, Zhang Z, Rodriguez RM, LaRose M et al. Longterm prognosis and educational determinants of brain network decline in older adult individuals. Nat Aging. 2021;1(11):1053–1067. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-021-00125-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan MY, Han L, Carreno CA, Zhang Z, Rodriguez RM, LaRose M et al. Longterm prognosis and educational determinants of brain network decline in older adult individuals. Nat Aging. 2021;1(11):1053–1067. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-021-00125-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bahar-Fuchs A, Martyr A, Goh AM, Sabates J, Clare L. Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;3(3):CD013069. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013069.pub2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bahar-Fuchs A, Martyr A, Goh AM, Sabates J, Clare L. Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;3(3):CD013069. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013069.pub2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Добрынина ЛА, Гаджиева ЗШ, Добрушина ОР, Морозова СН, Кремнева ЕИ, Волик АВ, Кротенкова МВ. Выбор мишени нейромодуляции для коррекции когнитивных расстройств при старении и ранней церебральной микроангиопатии. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2024;124(3):34–41. https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202412403134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobrynina LA, Gadzhieva ZSh, Dobrushina OR, Morozova SN, Kremneva EI, Volik AV, Krotenkova MV. Identifying the neurostimulation target for treatment of cognitive impairment in aging and early cerebral small vessel disease. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2024;124(3):34–41. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202412403134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Камчатнов ПР, Евзельман МА, Морозова ЮА. Хронические расстройства мозгового кровообращения: возможности повышения эффективности терапии. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2017;9(3):105–110. https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2017-3-105-110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamchatnov PR, Evzelman MA, Morozova YuA. Chronic cerebral circulatory disorders: possibilities of enhancing the efficiency of therapy. Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2017;9(3):105–110. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2017-3-105-110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Камчатнов ПР, Зайцев КА, Денисов ДБ. Применение винпотропила при ишемических поражениях головного мозга. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2011;111(3):76–78. Режим доступа: https://www.mediasphera.ru/issues/zhurnal-nevrologii-i-psikhiatriiim-s-s-korsakova/2011/3/031997-72982011314.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamchatnov PR, Zaĭtsev KA, Denisov DB. The use of vinpotropil in brain ischemia. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2011;111(3):76–78. (In Russ.) https://www.mediasphera.ru/issues/zhurnal-nevrologii-ipsikhiatrii-im-s-s-korsakova/2011/3/031997-72982011314.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Котова ОВ, Акарачкова ЕС. Сосудистые когнитивные нарушения. Роль оригинальной комбинации Винпотропил в их коррекции. Поликлиника. 2017;(3):17–20. Режим доступа: https://poliklin.ru/imagearticle/201701(1)Nevro/17-20.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotova OV, Akarachkova ES. Vascular cognitive impairment. The role of the original combination of Vinpotropil in their correction. Poliklinika. 2017;(3):17–20. (In Russ.) Available at: https://poliklin.ru/imagearticle/201701(1) Nevro/17-20.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
