medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2025-106medsovet-9004Research ArticleДЕТСКАЯ НЕВРОЛОГИЯCHILD NEUROLOGYГАМКергическая система – физиологическая роль и клиническое значениеGABAergic system – physiological role and clinical significancehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-4446ЕсинО. Р.EsinO. R.

Есин Олег Радиевич - к.м.н., доцент кафедры неврологии с курсами психиатрии, клинической психологии и медицинской генетики, Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет; врач-невролог, Клиника оториноларингологии.

420008, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, д. 18; 420059, Казань, ул. Даурская, д. 12

Oleg R. Esin - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of Department of Neurology with Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Medical Genetics Courses, Kazan Federal University; Neurologist, Otorhinolaryngology Clinic LLC.

18, Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, 420008; 12, Daurskaya St., Kazan, 420059

olegesin@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-6750-430XМаштаковаА. И.MashtakovaA. I.

Маштакова Александра Игоревна - ординатор кафедры неврологии с курсами психиатрии, клинической психологии и медицинской генетики.

420008, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, д. 18

Aleksandra I. Mashtakova - Clinical Resident of Department of Neurology with Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Medical Genetics Courses.

18, Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, 420008

mashtakovaA@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6762-8845ЕсинР. Г.EsinR. G.

Есин Радий Германович - профессор кафедры неврологии с курсами психиатрии, клинической психологии и медицинской генетики, Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет; профессор кафедры неврологии, Казанская ГМА – филиал Российской медицинской академии непрерывного профессионального образования;

420008, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, д. 18; 420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 36

Radiy G. Esin - Professor of Department of Neurology with Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Medical Genetics Courses, Kazan Federal University; Professor of Department of Neurology, Kazan SMA – a branch of the RMA of Continuing Professional Education.

18, Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, 420008; 36, Butlerov St., Kazan, 420012

radyesin@mail.ruКазанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет; Клиника оториноларингологииРоссияKazan Federal University; Otorhinolaryngology Clinic LLCRussian FederationКазанский (Приволжский) федеральный университетРоссияKazan Federal UniversityRussian FederationКазанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет; Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал Российской медицинской академии непрерывного профессионального образованияРоссияKazan Federal University; Kazan State Medical Academy – a branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional EducationRussian Federation20251204202503118126Copyright © Есин О.Р., Маштакова А.И., Есин Р.Г., 20252025Есин О.Р., Маштакова А.И., Есин Р.Г.Esin O.R., Mashtakova A.I., Esin R.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9004

Работа представляет обзор литературы по базам данных elibrary.ru, КиберЛенинка, PubMed, Scopus и Google Scholar с ключевыми терминами «гамма-аминомасляная кислота (ГАМК)», «агонисты ГАМК», «антагонисты ГАМК», «патофизиология ГАМК», «дети» и «подростки». Полученная информация проанализирована, систематизирована и представлена по трем разделам: общие аспекты ГАМК, патофизиология ГАМК и ГАМКергическая фармакология и терапия. В настоящее время идентифицированы три типа рецепторов ГАМК: два быстродействующих ГАМК-А и ГАМК-С и один медленнодействующий ГАМК-В. ГАМК является нейротрансмиттером и нейромодулятором автономной нервной системы, гормоном и трофическим фактором эндокринных органов, включая гипофиз, поджелудочную железу, надпочечники, матку, яичники, плаценту и яички. Нарушение ГАМК-сигналлинга является патофизиологическим звеном заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы, желудочно-кишечного тракта, эндокринных заболеваний (сахарный диабет, заболевания надпочечников и органы репродукции). ГАМК-система автономной нервной, эндокринной и иммунной систем интенсивно изучается для медикаментозного лечения функциональных нарушений этих систем. ГАМК действует не только как нейромедиатор: установлена ее роль как нейрогормона, трофического фактора и иммуномодулятора, что делает ее многофункциональной молекулой. В неврологии ГАМКергические препараты используются для лечения пароксизмальных расстройств, в т. ч. периодических синдромов детского возраста, нарушений сна, осложнений алкоголизма, спастичности, острой и хронической боли, тревожных расстройств и депрессии. Авторы рассматривают терапевтические возможности аминофенилмасляной кислоты гидрохлорида и его капсулированной формы (Анвифен) в лечении неврологических расстройств, и особенно в педиатрической практике. Ввиду ограничений по использованию антидепрессантов и анксиолитиков у детей и подростков, аминофенилмасляной кислоты гидрохлорид является эффективным и безопасным препаратом выбора в педиатрической практике. Авторы приводят результаты клинических наблюдений эффективности и безопасности препарата.

This work presents a review of the literature using the elibrary.ru, CyberLeninka, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases with the key terms “Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)”, “GABA agonists”, “GABA antagonists”, “GABA pathophysiology”, “children and adolescents”. The information obtained was analyzed, systematized and presented in three sections: general aspects of GABA, pathophysiology of GABA and GABAergic pharmacology and therapy. Currently, three types of GABA receptors have been identified: two fast-acting GABA-A and GABA-C and one slow-acting GABA-B. GABA is a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator of the autonomic nervous system, a hormone and trophic factor in endocrine organs, including the pituitary gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, uterus, ovaries, placenta and testes. Disturbance of GABA signaling is a pathophysiological link in diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine diseases (diabetes mellitus, diseases of the adrenal glands and reproductive organs). The GABA system of the autonomic nervous, endocrine and immune systems is being intensively studied for drug treatment of functional disorders of these systems. GABA acts not only as a neurotransmitter, its role as a neurohormone, trophic factor and immunomodulator has been established, which makes it a multifunctional molecule. In neurology, GABAergic drugs are used to treat paroxysmal disorders, including periodic syndromes of childhood, sleep disorders, complications of alcoholism, spasticity, acute and chronic pain, anxiety disorders and depression. The authors consider the therapeutic possibilities of aminophenylbutyric acid hydrochloride and its encapsulated form (Anvifen) in the treatment of neurological disorders and especially in pediatric practice. In view of the restrictions on the use of antidepressants and anxiolytics in children and adolescents, aminophenylbutyric acid hydrochloride is an effective and safe drug of choice in pediatric practice. The authors present the results of clinical observations of the drug’s effectiveness and safety.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.