<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2025-078</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-9087</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИИ В ОТОРИНОЛАРИНГОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIONS IN OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплексный подход к лечению острых воспалительных заболеваний гортани</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>An integrated approach to the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of the larynx</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8873-3545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Москвитина</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskvitina</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москвитина Екатерина Борисовна - к.м.н., ассистент кафедры болезней уха, горла и носа.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina B. Moskvitina - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rakunova_e_b@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-0041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шадыев</surname><given-names>Т. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shadyev</surname><given-names>T. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шадыев Тимур Хаитович - к.м.н., доцент кафедры болезней уха, горла и носа.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timur H. Shadyev - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shadyev_t_kh@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2702-2422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данелян</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danelian</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данелян Елизавета Рудиковна - студент Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Скифосовского.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta R. Danelian - Student of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liza3103@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Москвитина Е.Б., Шадыев Т.Х., Данелян Е.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Москвитина Е.Б., Шадыев Т.Х., Данелян Е.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Moskvitina E.B., Shadyev T.H., Danelian E.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9087">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9087</self-uri><abstract><p>Острые воспалительные заболевания гортани – группа наиболее распространенных заболеваний как среди взрослого, так и среди детского населения, к развитию которых приводит целый ряд инфекционных и неинфекционных факторов. И, несмотря на то что большинство случаев острых воспалительных заболеваний гортани имеют вирусную природу, нередко лечение включает необоснованное назначение системных антибиотиков, что способствует развитию проблемы антибиотикорезистентности. Целью данной статьи является проведение аналитического обзора существующих методов комплексного лечения острых воспалительных заболеваний гортани и новых препаратов комплексного действия, применение которых может уменьшить необходимость назначения нерациональной антибиотикотерапии. Иммуностимулирующие препараты стимулируют врожденный и приобретенный иммунитет, действуют как на клеточный, так и гуморальный иммунитет, активируют факторы неспецифической защиты и способствуют выработке специфического иммунного ответа. Наиболее эффективная группа иммуностимулирующих препаратов – бактериальные лизаты, представляющие собой набор антигенов инактивированных бактерий, наиболее распространенных возбудителей заболеваний. Назначение комбинированных иммуностимулирующих препаратов может ускорить купирование симптомов острых воспалительные заболеваний гортани, способствовать ускорению выздоровления, снизить частоту назначения системных антибиотиков и заболеваемость ОРЗ путем повышения резистентности организма к различным возбудителям респираторных заболеваний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acute inflammatory diseases of the larynx are a group of the most common diseases among both adults and children, which are caused by a number of infectious and non-infectious factors. Despite the fact that most cases of acute inflammatory diseases of the larynx are viral in nature, treatment often involves unjustified prescribing of systemic antibiotics, which contributes to the development of the problem of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this article is to conduct an analytical review of existing methods of complex treatment for acute inflammatory diseases of the larynx and new drugs of complex action, the use of which can reduce the need for irrational antibiotic therapy. Immunostimulants boost the innate and acquired immunity, act on both cellular and humoral immunity, activate nonspecific defences and help to develop specific immune response. Bacterial lysates, mixtures of antigens derived from inactivated bacteria representing the most common pathogens, are the most effective group of immunostimulants. The administration of combination immunostimulants may help in enhancing a relief of symptoms of acute inflammatory diseases of the larynx, improve recovery times for patients, reduce systemic antibiotics prescribing rates and decrease the incidence of acute respiratory infections by expanding body’s resistance to various respiratory disease agents.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый ларингит</kwd><kwd>комплексное лечение</kwd><kwd>бактериальные лизаты</kwd><kwd>иммуностимулирующие препараты</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute laryngitis</kwd><kwd>complex treatment</kwd><kwd>bacterial lysates</kwd><kwd>immunostimulating drugs</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Старостина СВ, Сивохин ДА. Системная антибактериальная терапия пациентов с острым бактериальным риносинуситом с учетом резистентности. Медицинский совет. 2021;(18):172–177. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2021-18-172-177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Starostina SV, Sivokhin DA. Systemic antibiotic therapy of patients with acute bacterial sinusitis taking into account resistance. Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2021;(18):172–177. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2021-18-172-177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Свистушкин ВМ, Никифорова ГН, Шевчик ЕА, Золотова АВ, Никифорова АН, Сивохин ДА. Эффективность растительных лекарственных препаратов при лечении острых респираторных инфекций в реальной клинической практике. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(9):579–587. https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2022.9.201944.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svistushkin VM, Nikiforova GN, Shevchik EA, Zolotova AV, Nikiforova AN, Sivokhin DA. Efficacy of herbal medicines in the treatment of acute respiratory infections in real clinical practice. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(9): 579–587. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2022.9.201944.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кривопалов АА, Рязанцев СВ, Шаталов ВА. Новые возможности терапии и профилактики осложнений инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний верхних дыхательных путей. Медицинский совет. 2016;(18):24–32. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2016-18-24-32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krivopalov AA, Ryazantsev SV, Shatalov VA. New possibilities of therapy and prevention of complications of infectious-inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2016;(18):24–32. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2016-18-24-32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta G, Mahajan K. Acute Laryngitis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30521292.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta G, Mahajan K. Acute Laryngitis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30521292.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морозова СВ, Ракунова ЕБ, Сивохин ДА, Литвинова ЕП. Особенности терапии острых воспалительных заболеваний верхних дыхательных путей, сопровождающихся кашлем. Медицинский совет. 2022;16(8):34–39. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-8-34-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozova SV, Rakunova EB, Sivokhin DA, Litvinova EP. Management of acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract with cough. Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2022;16(8):34–39. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-8-34-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kavookjian H, Irwin T, Garnett JD, Kraft S. The Reflux Symptom Index and Symptom Overlap in Dysphonic Patients. Laryngoscope. 2020;130(11):2631–2636. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.28506.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kavookjian H, Irwin T, Garnett JD, Kraft S. The Reflux Symptom Index and Symptom Overlap in Dysphonic Patients. Laryngoscope. 2020;130(11):2631–2636. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.28506.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stachler RJ, Francis DO, Schwartz SR, Damask CC, Digoy GP, Krouse HJ et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Hoarseness (Dysphonia) (Update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;158(1):1–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599817751030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stachler RJ, Francis DO, Schwartz SR, Damask CC, Digoy GP, Krouse HJ et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Hoarseness (Dysphonia) (Update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;158(1):1–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599817751030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Янов ЮК, Крюков АИ, Дворянчиков ВВ, Носуля ЕВ (ред.). Оториноларингология. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2024. 992 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Янов ЮК, Крюков АИ, Дворянчиков ВВ, Носуля ЕВ (ред.). Оториноларингология. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2024. 992 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen C, You Y, Du Y, Zhou W, Jiang D, Cao K et al. Global epidemiological trends in the incidence and deaths of acute respiratory infections from 1990 to 2021. Heliyon. 2024;10(16):e35841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35841.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen C, You Y, Du Y, Zhou W, Jiang D, Cao K et al. Global epidemiological trends in the incidence and deaths of acute respiratory infections from 1990 to 2021. Heliyon. 2024;10(16):e35841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35841.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таточенко ВК, Бакрадзе МД, Бомбардирова ЕП, Давыдова ИВ, Катосова ЛК, Киселевич ОК и др. Болезни органов дыхания у детей. М.: ПедиатрЪ; 2012. 480 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Таточенко ВК, Бакрадзе МД, Бомбардирова ЕП, Давыдова ИВ, Катосова ЛК, Киселевич ОК и др. Болезни органов дыхания у детей. М.: ПедиатрЪ; 2012. 480 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu M, Gong Z, Li C, Ling K, Zhu Y, Li H et al. Appropriate use of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections at primary healthcare facilities in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study from 2017 to 2019. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2023;40:100880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100880.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fu M, Gong Z, Li C, Ling K, Zhu Y, Li H et al. Appropriate use of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections at primary healthcare facilities in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study from 2017 to 2019. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2023;40:100880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100880.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDonagh MS, Peterson K, Winthrop K, Cantor A, Lazur BH, Buckley DI. Interventions to reduce inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections: summary and update of a systematic review. J Int Med Res. 2018;46(8):3337–3357. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060518782519.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDonagh MS, Peterson K, Winthrop K, Cantor A, Lazur BH, Buckley DI. Interventions to reduce inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections: summary and update of a systematic review. J Int Med Res. 2018;46(8):3337–3357. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060518782519.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guitor AK, Wright GD. Antimicrobial resistance and respiratory infections. Chest. 2018;154(5):1202–1212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.06.019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guitor AK, Wright GD. Antimicrobial resistance and respiratory infections. Chest. 2018;154(5):1202–1212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.06.019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torumkuney D, Mayanskiy N, Edelstein M, Sidorenko S, Kozhevin R, Morrissey I. Results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (SOAR) 2014–16 in Russia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018;73(5):14–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky065.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torumkuney D, Mayanskiy N, Edelstein M, Sidorenko S, Kozhevin R, Morrissey I. Results from the survey of antibiotic resistance (SOAR) 2014–16 in Russia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018;73(5):14–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky065.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reveiz L, Cardona AF. Antibiotics for acute laryngitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(5):CD004783. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004783.pub5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reveiz L, Cardona AF. Antibiotics for acute laryngitis in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(5):CD004783. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004783.pub5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas M, Bomar PA. Upper respiratory tract infection. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30422556.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas M, Bomar PA. Upper respiratory tract infection. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30422556.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdel-Aty Y, Sulica L. Increased incidence of ulcerative laryngitis during spring 2022 omicron-variant wave of COVID19. J Voice. 2023:S0892- 1997(23)00125-X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.04.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdel-Aty Y, Sulica L. Increased incidence of ulcerative laryngitis during spring 2022 omicron-variant wave of COVID19. J Voice. 2023:S0892- 1997(23)00125-X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.04.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Готовяхина ТВ, Степанова ЮЕ, Корень ЕЕ. Влияние пандемии COVID-19 на заболеваемость гортани. Российская оториноларингология. 2022;21(4):29–34. https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2022-4-29-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gotovyakhina TV, Stepanova YE, Koren EE. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on laryngeal morbidity. Rossiiskaya Otorinolaringologiya. 2022;21(4):29–34. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2022-4-29-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Махоткина НН, Степанова ЮЕ. Острый ларингит. Современные аспекты физиотерапевтического лечения с позиции синдромопатогенетического подхода. Российская оториноларингология. 2022;21(6):114–119. https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2022-6-114-119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makhotkina NN, Stepanova YuE. Acutelaryngitis. Modern aspects of physiotherapy treatment with syndromic and pathogenetic approach. 2022;21(6):114–119. Rossiiskaya Otorinolaringologiya. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2022-6-114-119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santos Martín MT, Ruiz Camacho M, Rodríguez García C, Álvarez Triano M, González Vila L. Streptococcus pyogenes as an etiological agent of acute epiglottitis. An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2023;99(6):438–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpede.2023.05.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santos Martín MT, Ruiz Camacho M, Rodríguez García C, Álvarez Triano M, González Vila L. Streptococcus pyogenes as an etiological agent of acute epiglottitis. An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2023;99(6):438–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpede.2023.05.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tovar Padua LJ, Cherry JD. Croup (Laryngitis, Laryngotracheitis, Spasmodic Croup, Laryngotracheobronchitis, Bacterial Tracheitis, and Laryngotracheob ronchopneumonitis) and Epiglottitis (Supraglottitis). In: Feigin and Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 2025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tovar Padua LJ, Cherry JD. Croup (Laryngitis, Laryngotracheitis, Spasmodic Croup, Laryngotracheobronchitis, Bacterial Tracheitis, and Laryngotracheob ronchopneumonitis) and Epiglottitis (Supraglottitis). In: Feigin and Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 2025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ficke B, Rajasurya V, Sanghavi DK, Cascella M. Chronic Aspiration. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32809569.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ficke B, Rajasurya V, Sanghavi DK, Cascella M. Chronic Aspiration. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32809569.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Costa E, Pazinatto DB, Trevisan LP, Maunsell R. Post-extubation laryngitis in children: diagnosis, management and follow-up. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2024;90(4):101440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101440.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Costa E, Pazinatto DB, Trevisan LP, Maunsell R. Post-extubation laryngitis in children: diagnosis, management and follow-up. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2024;90(4):101440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101440.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dworkin-Valenti JP, Sugihara EM, Stern N, Naumann IC, Bathula SS, Amjad EH. Laryngeal inflammation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2015;2(9):1058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dworkin-Valenti JP, Sugihara EM, Stern N, Naumann IC, Bathula SS, Amjad EH. Laryngeal inflammation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2015;2(9):1058.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dworkin JP. Laryngitis: types, causes, and treatments. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2008;41(2):419–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2007.11.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dworkin JP. Laryngitis: types, causes, and treatments. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2008;41(2):419–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2007.11.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rinsky-Halivni L, Klebanov M, Lerman Y, Paltiel O. Adherence to voice therapy recommendations is associated with preserved employment fitness among teachers with work-related dysphonia. JVoice. 2017;31(3):386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.09.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rinsky-Halivni L, Klebanov M, Lerman Y, Paltiel O. Adherence to voice therapy recommendations is associated with preserved employment fitness among teachers with work-related dysphonia. JVoice. 2017;31(3):386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.09.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ураскулова ББ, Гюсан АО. Опыт применения препарата «Аква Марис Стронг для Горла» в комплексном лечении воспалительных заболеваний гортани. Российская оториноларингология. 2022;21(3):148–154. https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2022-3-148-154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uraskulovа BB, Gyusan AO. Experience in the use of the drug “Aqua Maris Strong for Throat” in the complex treatment of inflammatory diseases of the larynx. Rossiiskaya Otorinolaringologiya. 2022;21(3):148–154. https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2022-3-148-154.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huestis MJ, Keefe KR, Kahn CI, Tracy LF, Levi JR. Alternatives to acid suppression treatment for laryngopharyngeal reflux. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2020;129(10):1030–1039. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489420922870.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huestis MJ, Keefe KR, Kahn CI, Tracy LF, Levi JR. Alternatives to acid suppression treatment for laryngopharyngeal reflux. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2020;129(10):1030–1039. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489420922870.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Свистушкин ВМ, Старостина СВ, Аветисян ЭЕ, Селезнева ЛВ.Возможности иммуностимулирующей терапии при респраторных инфекциях верхних дыхательных путей. Медицинский cовет. 2017;(8):8–12. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2017-8-8-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svistushkin VM, Starostina SV, Avetisyan EE, Selezneva LV. Possibilities of immunostimulating therapy in respiratory infections of upper respiratory tracts. Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2017;(8):8–12. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2017-8-8-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jurkiewicz D, Zielnik-Jurkiewicz B. Bacterial lysates in the prevention of respiratory tract infections. Otolaryngol Pol. 2018;72(5):1–8. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jurkiewicz D, Zielnik-Jurkiewicz B. Bacterial lysates in the prevention of respiratory tract infections. Otolaryngol Pol. 2018;72(5):1–8. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steele A, Stacey HJ, de Soir S, Jones JD. The safety and efficacy of phage therapy for superficial bacterial infections: A systematic review. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(11):754. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110754.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steele A, Stacey HJ, de Soir S, Jones JD. The safety and efficacy of phage therapy for superficial bacterial infections: A systematic review. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(11):754. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110754.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">La Mantia I, Nicolosi F, Maiolino L, Serra A. Immunoprophylaxis of recurring bacterial infections of respiratory tracts in pediatric age: clinical experience through a new immunostimulating vaccine. GIMMOC Quaderni di Microbiologia e Clinica. 2007;11(2):1–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">La Mantia I, Nicolosi F, Maiolino L, Serra A. Immunoprophylaxis of recurring bacterial infections of respiratory tracts in pediatric age: clinical experience through a new immunostimulating vaccine. GIMMOC Quaderni di Microbiologia e Clinica. 2007;11(2):1–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
