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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2025-174</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-9125</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМОРБИДНЫЙ ПАЦИЕНТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMORBID PATIENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Функциональные расстройства в практике врача первичного звена</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Functional disorders in primary care physician practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6573-4169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эбзеева</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ebzeeva</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эбзеева Елизавета Юрьевна, к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М.С. Вовси</p><p>125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta Yu. Ebzeeva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M.S. Vovsi, </p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">veta-veta67@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0795-8225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроумова</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroumova</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остроумова Ольга Дмитриевна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М.С. Вовси; профессор кафедры клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p>125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p><p>119048, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga D. Ostroumova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M.S. Vovsi;  Professor, Chair of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993, Russia</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostroumova.olga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5454-9339</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотникова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плотникова Наталья Андреевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М.С. Вовси</p><p>125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Plotnikova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after AcademicianM.S. Vovsi</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">na_tasah_90@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1316-7654</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Литвинова Светлана Владимировна, к.м.н., ассистент кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М.С. Вовси</p><p>125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Litvinova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M.S. Vovsi</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">batyukina.svetlana@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7241-0938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филиппова Татьяна Владимировна, ассистент кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии имени академика М.С. Вовси</p><p>125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Filippova, Assistant of the Department of Therapy and Polymorbid Pathology named after Academician M.S. Vovsi</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">atv-tess@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9177-6642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синицина Ирина Ивановна, д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры клинической фармакологии и терапии имени академика Б.Е. Вотчала</p><p>125993, Россия, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina I. Sinitsina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy named after Academician B.E. Votchal</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sinitsina-irina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования;&#13;
Первый Московский медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education;&#13;
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>214</fpage><lpage>221</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Эбзеева Е.Ю., Остроумова О.Д., Плотникова Н.А., Литвинова С.В., Филиппова Т.В., Синицина И.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эбзеева Е.Ю., Остроумова О.Д., Плотникова Н.А., Литвинова С.В., Филиппова Т.В., Синицина И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ebzeeva E.Y., Ostroumova O.D., Plotnikova N.A., Litvinova S.V., Filippova T.V., Sinitsina I.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9125">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9125</self-uri><abstract><p>Функциональные расстройства занимают одно из ведущих мест в клинической практике врачей различных специальностей. Как и при коморбидных состояниях, функциональные расстройства могут изменять клинические проявления друг друга и, кроме того, способны имитировать различные органические патологии, включая острые состояния. Такие больные нередко сталкиваются с множеством трудностей на этапе диагностики и лечения. Отсутствие специфичных маркеров функциональных расстройств вынуждает врача прибегнуть к дорогостоящим методам обследования, таким как магнитно-резонансная томография, компьютерная томография, эндоскопические исследования и др. Патогенез функциональных расстройств рассматривается в рамках биопсихосоциальной модели. На развитие функциональных симптомов оказывает влияние ряд таких факторов, как провоцирующие, предрасполагающие, опосредующие и поддерживающие. Психологические факторы играют ведущую роль в оценке состояния здоровья в рамках биопсихосоциальной модели, а стресс рассматривается как один из важных триггеров, ассоциированных с развитием множества хронических заболеваний и состояний. Сердечно-сосудистая система является основной мишенью стрессовой реакции. Данные эпидемиологических исследований демонстрируют ассоциацию между стрессом и развитием инфаркта миокарда, а также между стрессом и острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения. Кроме того, психологический стресс приводит к изменениям частоты сердечных сокращений, вариабельности сердечного ритма и изменяет циркадный ритм. Симптоматическая терапия при функциональных расстройствах сердечно-сосудистой системы способствует облегчению состояния пациента и оказывает значительный психотерапевтический эффект. Ее действие направлено на быстрое купирование ведущего симптома, что предотвращает хронизацию процесса. У пациентов с функциональными расстройствами важно соблюдать правила назначения различных групп препаратов с учетом их клинических эффектов, особенностей взаимодействия, сроков применения и индивидуальной чувствительности пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Functional disorders occupy one of the leading places in the clinical practice of doctors of various specialties. As in comorbid conditions, functional disorders can alter each other’s clinical manifestations, and in addition are capable of mimicking various organic pathologies, including acute conditions. Such patients often face many difficulties at the stage of diagnosis and treatment. The lack of specific markers of functional disorders forces the doctor to resort to expensive examination methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, endoscopic examinations and others. The pathogenesis of functional disorders is considered within the framework of a biopsychosocial model. The development of functional symptoms is influenced by a number of factors such as provoking, predisposing, mediating and supporting. Psychological factors play a leading role in health assessment within the biopsychosocial model, and stress is seen as one of the important triggers associated with the development of multiple chronic diseases and conditions. The cardiovascular system is the primary target of the stress response. Data from epidemiological studies demonstrate an association between stress and the development of myocardial infarction, as well as between stress and acute cerebrovascular accidents. In addition, psychological stress leads to changes in heart rate, heart rate variability, and alters circadian rhythm. Symptomatic therapy for functional disorders of the cardiovascular system helps to alleviate the patient’s condition and has a significant psychotherapeutic effect. Its action is aimed at quick relief of the leading symptom, which prevents the chronization of the process. In patients with functional disorders, it is important to follow the rules for prescribing different groups of drugs, taking into account their clinical effects, interaction characteristics, timing of use and individual sensitivity of patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коморбидные состояния</kwd><kwd>симптоматическая терапия</kwd><kwd>функциональные симптомы</kwd><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>психологический стресс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>comorbid conditions</kwd><kwd>symptomatic therapy</kwd><kwd>functional symptoms</kwd><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>psychological stress</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reuber M, Mitchell AJ, Howlett SJ, Crimlisk HL, Grünewald RA. 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