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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2025-214</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-9181</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ КИШЕЧНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BOWEL DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хронический запор: от синдрома к диагнозу и эффективной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chronic constipation: From syndrome to diagnosis and effective therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9370-4768</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаус</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaus</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гаус Ольга Владимировна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры факультетской терапии и гастроэнтерологии</p><p>644099, Омск, ул. Ленина, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Gaus, D. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy and Gastroenterology</p><p>12, Lenin St., Omsk, 644099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gaus_olga@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-7017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ливзан</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Livzan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ливзан Мария Анатольевна, чл.корр. РАН, д.м.н., профессор, ректор, заведующая кафедрой факультетской терапии и гастроэнтерологии</p><p>644099, Омск, ул. Ленина, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Livzan, Corr. Member RAS, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Rector, Head of the Department of Faculty Therapy and Gastroenterology</p><p>12, Lenin St., Omsk, 644099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mlivzan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-7190</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гавриленко</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilenko</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гавриленко Дарья Александровна, ординатор 2-го года обучения по специальности «терапия» кафедры факультетской терапии и гастроэнтерологии</p><p>644099, Омск, ул. Ленина, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya A. Gavrilenko, 2nd year Resident in the Specialty “Therapy” of the Department of Faculty Therapy and Gastroenterology</p><p>12, Lenin St., Omsk, 644099</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gavrilenko_darya17@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>162</fpage><lpage>169</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гаус О.В., Ливзан М.А., Гавриленко Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гаус О.В., Ливзан М.А., Гавриленко Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gaus O.V., Livzan M.A., Gavrilenko D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9181">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9181</self-uri><abstract><p>Хронический запор является общепризнанной медико-социальной проблемой и занимает одно из лидирующих мест по числу обращений за амбулаторной медицинской помощью среди больных гастроэнтерологического профиля во многих странах мира. Сохраняющаяся на протяжении последних лет стойкая тенденция к увеличению глобальной распространенности независимо от пола, возраста и социально-экономического статуса подчеркивает актуальность изучения и систематизации имеющихся данных о возможных причинах развития хронического запора и оптимальных подходах к диагностике с целью повышения эффективности курации данной когорты больных. Особую сложность при ведении пациентов с хроническим запором представляет выявление этиологического фактора ввиду наличия широкого спектра возможных причин, что нередко увеличивает время постановки диагноза и затрудняет своевременное начало рациональной терапии. В зависимости от этиологии хронический запор подразделяется на первичный (функциональный) – как проявление самостоятельного заболевания в отсутствие каких-либо органических или метаболических нарушений и вторичный – как симптом другой патологии или связанный с известным фактором. В реальной клинической практике большая часть случаев приходится на долю пациентов с первичными хроническими запорами, а именно с функциональным запором и синдромом раздраженного кишечника с преобладанием запора. Диагностический алгоритм при хроническом запоре прежде всего должен быть направлен на оценку так называемых симптомов тревоги, исключение органической патологии и других вторичных причин, что подразумевает тщательный сбор жалоб, анамнеза заболевания и жизни, проведение физикального осмотра и назначение необходимых лабораторно-инструментальных методов обследования, объем которых определяется индивидуально. Основу терапии пациента с первичным хроническим запором составляет модификация образа жизни, тогда как при отсутствии положительного эффекта от немедикаментозных методов целесообразно назначение слабительных средств осмотического действия в качестве терапии первой линии. При недостаточном ответе на препараты первой линии следует рассмотреть назначение стимулирующих слабительных или агонистов 5НТ4-рецепторов. Одним из представителей группы стимулирующих слабительных, показавшим свою эффективность и надежный профиль безопасности в лечении пациентов с первичным хроническим запором, является натрия пикосульфат.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic constipation is a generally recognized medical and social problem and occupies a leading place in the number of requests for outpatient medical care among patients with a gastroenterological profile in many countries of the world. The persistent trend in recent years towards an increase in global prevalence regardless of gender, age and socioeconomic status emphasizes the relevance of studying and systematizing data on the causes of chronic constipation and optimal approaches to diagnosis in order to improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients. A particular difficulty in managing patients with chronic constipation is identifying the etiological factor due to the presence of a wide range of possible causes. This often increases the time of diagnosis and complicates the timely initiation of rational therapy. According to etiology, chronic constipation is classified as primary (functional) – an independent disease in the absence of organic or metabolic disorders and secondary – as a symptom of another pathology or associated with a known factor. In clinical practice, the majority of cases are patients with primary chronic constipation, namely, with functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with a predominance of constipation. The diagnostic algorithm for chronic constipation should be aimed at assessing “alarm symptoms”, excluding organic pathology and other secondary causes. This involves a thorough collection of complaints, anamnesis of the disease and life, physical examination and the appointment of the necessary laboratory and instrumental examination methods, the scope of which is determined individually. The basis of therapy for a patient with primary chronic constipation is lifestyle modification. In the absence of a positive effect from non-drug methods, it is advisable to prescribe laxatives – osmotic action as first-line therapy, stimulating or agonists of 5HT4 receptors in case of insufficient response to the former. One of the stimulant laxatives that has shown its effectiveness and a reliable safety profile in the treatment of patients with primary chronic constipation is sodium picosulfate.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функциональный запор</kwd><kwd>синдром раздраженного кишечника с запором</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd><kwd>стимулирующие слабительные</kwd><kwd>натрия пикосульфат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>functional constipation</kwd><kwd>irritable bowel syndrome with constipation</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd><kwd>stimulant laxatives</kwd><kwd>sodium picosulfate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bharucha AE, Lacy BE. Mechanisms, Evaluation, and Management of Chronic Constipation. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(5):1232–1249.e3. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bharucha AE, Lacy BE. 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Available at: https://www.efsm.online/int_en/article-overview/101/2024/are-all-stimulant-laxatives-the-samea-comparative-perspective-on-bisacodyl-sodium-picosulfate-sps-and-senna.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
