<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2025-190</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-9193</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХРОНИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ ЛЕГКИХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHRONIC PULMONARY DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Показатели качества жизни у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких после вакцинации ПКВ13: апостериорный анализ 10-летнего наблюдения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The quality of life indicators in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after PCV vaccination: A posteriori analysis of 10-year follow-up</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0877-6554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатова</surname><given-names>Г. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatova</surname><given-names>G. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игнатова Галина Львовна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой терапии Института дополнительного профессионального образования, директор Института пульмонологии</p><p>454092, Челябинск, ул. Воровского, д. 64</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina L. Ignatova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Therapy of Institute of Continuing Professional Education, Director of the Institute of Pulmonology</p><p>64, Vorovskiy St., Chelyabinsk, 454092</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iglign@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-2150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Сергей Николаевич, академик РАН, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского, Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); ведущий научный сотрудник, Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2,</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Avdeev, Acad. RAS, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pulmonology of Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Russia; Leading Researcher, Research Institute for Pulmonology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991,</p><p>8, Orekhovy Boulevard, Moscow, 115682</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_avdeev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3531-3491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонов Владимир Николаевич, д.м.н., профессор кафедры терапии Института дополнительного профессионального образования, главный научный сотрудник Института пульмонологии</p><p>454092, Челябинск, ул. Воровского, д. 64</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir N. Antonov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Therapy of Institute of Continuing Professional Education, Chief Researcher of the Institute of Pulmonology</p><p>64, Vorovskiy St., Chelyabinsk, 454092</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ant-vn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2507-5941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блинова Елена Владимировна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры терапии Института дополнительного профессионального образования, ведущий научный сотрудник Института пульмонологии</p><p>454092, Челябинск, ул. Воровского, д. 64</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Blinova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Therapy of Institute of Continuing Professional Education, Leading Researcher of the Institute of Pulmonology</p><p>64, Vorovskiy St., Chelyabinsk, 454092</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">blinel@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); &#13;
Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); &#13;
Research Institute for Pulmonology of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Игнатова Г.Л., Авдеев С.Н., Антонов В.Н., Блинова Е.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Игнатова Г.Л., Авдеев С.Н., Антонов В.Н., Блинова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ignatova G.L., Avdeev S.N., Antonov V.N., Blinova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9193">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9193</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Естественное течение хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) характеризуется обострением симптомов и снижением качества жизни (КЖ). КЖ является комплексным показателем для оценки здоровья и благополучия людей, на который влияет множество факторов. Низкий уровень КЖ распространен среди пациентов с ХОБЛ, особенно на поздних стадиях. В 2023 г. были опубликованы результаты 10-летней оценки эффективности вакцинопрофилактики против пневмококковой инфекции, однако они не включали анализ КЖ.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Провести апостериорный анализ оценки КЖ за 10 лет наблюдения у пациентов с ХОБЛ, вакцинированных конъюгированной пневмококковой вакциной Превенар 13 (ПКВ13).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование было включено 362 пациента мужского пола, проходивших лечение или наблюдение в Областном пульмонологическом центре г. Челябинска в 2012–2022 гг. Для вакцинопрофилактики использовалась 13-валентная конъюгированная пневмококковая вакцина Превенар 13. Оценка КЖ проводилась с помощью двух опросников: русскоязычной версии опросника госпиталя Святого Георгия (SGRQ) и универсального опросника CAT.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показатели шкал опросника SGRQ в исследуемых группах достоверно не различались (p &gt; 0,05). Уже через год после начала наблюдения выявлены изменения КЖ по всем шкалам опросника с сохранением статистически значимых изменений на протяжении 10 лет наблюдения. В группе наблюдения невакцинированных пациентов не отмечалось ни клинически, ни статистически значимого изменения параметров КЖ по всем критериям. Подобная динамика была продемонстрирована и по показателю опросника САТ.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Вакцинопрофилактика пневмококковыми вакцинами оказывает достоверное положительное влияние на КЖ пациентов с ХОБЛ как минимум в 10-летней перспективе наблюдения. Применение опросников КЖ позволяет ориентироваться на правильность выбранной лечебной тактики как в ранние, так и в отдаленные периоды наблюдения за пациентами с ХОБЛ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The natural course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an exacerbation of symptoms and a decrease in quality of life (QOL). QOL is a complex indicator for assessing people’s health and well-being, which is influenced by many factors. Health-related QOL assessment tools are widely used to determine physical, functional, social, and psychosocial well-being from a patient’s perspective. Low QOL levels are common among patients with COPD, especially in the late stages. In 2023, the results of a 10-year evaluation of the effectiveness of vaccine prophylaxis against pneumococcal infection were published, but they did not include a QOL analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To conduct a posteriori analysis of the assessment of QOL over 10 years of follow-up in patients with COPD vaccinated with conjugated pneumococcal vaccine Prevenar 13 (PCV13).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included a total of 362 male patients who were treated or monitored at the Chelyabinsk Regional Pulmonological Center in 2012–2022. The 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine Preventar-13 was used for vaccine prophylaxis. The QOL assessment was conducted using two questionnaires: the Russian-language version of the St. George Hospital Questionnaire (SGRQ), and the universal CAT questionnaire.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The indicators of the SGRQ questionnaire scales in the studied groups did not significantly differ (p &gt; 0.05). A year after the start of the observation, changes in QOL were detected on all scales of the questionnaire, while maintaining statistically significant changes over the 10 years of observation. In the observation group of unvaccinated patients, there was no clinically or statistically significant change in QOL parameters according to all criteria. A similar dynamic was demonstrated by the indicator of the СAT questionnaire.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Vaccine prophylaxis with pneumococcal vaccines has a significant positive effect on the QOL of patients with COPD, at least in the 10-year follow-up period. The use of QOL questionnaires makes it possible to focus on the correctness of the chosen treatment tactics both in the early and long-term periods of follow-up of patients with COPD. The use of PCV13 for the vaccination of COPD patients reliably minimizes the number of exacerbations requiring outpatient and hospital treatment, reduces the number of episodes of pneumonia as much as possible, and reduces the cost of the healthcare system to combat this nosology.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вакцинопрофилактика</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>конъюгированная вакцина</kwd><kwd>респираторная патология</kwd><kwd>опросники</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vaccine prevention</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd><kwd>conjugated vaccine</kwd><kwd>respiratory pathology</kwd><kwd>questionnaires</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Safiri S, Carson-Chahhoud K, Noori M, Nejadghaderi SA, Sullman MJM, Ahmadian Heris J et al. Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. BMJ. 2022;378:e069679. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-069679.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safiri S, Carson-Chahhoud K, Noori M, Nejadghaderi SA, Sullman MJM, Ahmadian Heris J et al. Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. BMJ. 2022;378:e069679. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-069679.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dharmage SC, Faner R, Agustí A. Treatable traits in pre-COPD: Time to extend the treatable traits paradigm beyond established disease. Respirology. 2024;29(7):551–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14760.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dharmage SC, Faner R, Agustí A. Treatable traits in pre-COPD: Time to extend the treatable traits paradigm beyond established disease. Respirology. 2024;29(7):551–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14760.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258): 1204–1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258): 1204–1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cadham CJ, Oh H, Han MK, Mannino D, Cook S, Meza R et al. The prevalence and mortality risks of PRISm and COPD in the United States from NHANES 2007–2012. Respir Res. 2024;25(1):208. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-02841-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cadham CJ, Oh H, Han MK, Mannino D, Cook S, Meza R et al. The prevalence and mortality risks of PRISm and COPD in the United States from NHANES 2007–2012. Respir Res. 2024;25(1):208. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-02841-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cunha AS, Raposo B, Dias F, Henriques S, Martinho H, Pedro AR. Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Constraints in Patient Pathway and Mitigation Strategies. Port J Public Health. 2024;42(2):93–100. https://doi.org/10.1159/000535474.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cunha AS, Raposo B, Dias F, Henriques S, Martinho H, Pedro AR. Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Constraints in Patient Pathway and Mitigation Strategies. Port J Public Health. 2024;42(2):93–100. https://doi.org/10.1159/000535474.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guay CA, Maltais F, Beaudoin C, Carmichael PH, Laouan Sidi EA, Perreault L et al. Trends in COPD severe exacerbations, and all-cause and respiratory mortality, before and after implementation of newer long-acting bronchodilators in a large population-based cohort. BMC Pulm Med. 2024;24(1):450. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-03277-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guay CA, Maltais F, Beaudoin C, Carmichael PH, Laouan Sidi EA, Perreault L et al. Trends in COPD severe exacerbations, and all-cause and respiratory mortality, before and after implementation of newer long-acting bronchodilators in a large population-based cohort. BMC Pulm Med. 2024;24(1):450. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-03277-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеев СН, Лещенко ИВ, Айсанов ЗР. Новая концепция и алгоритм ведения пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Пульмонология. 2023;33(5):587–594. https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2023-33-5-587-594.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avdeev SN, Leshchenko IV, Aisanov ZR. New concept and algorithm for the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonologiya. 2023;33(5):587–594. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2023-33-5-587-594.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang Y, Niu Y, Wang X, Li X, He Y, Liu X. Identification of novel biomarkers related to neutrophilic inflammation in COPD. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1410158. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1410158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang Y, Niu Y, Wang X, Li X, He Y, Liu X. Identification of novel biomarkers related to neutrophilic inflammation in COPD. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1410158. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1410158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li HM, Zhong BL. Quality of life among college students and its associated factors: a narrative review. AME Med J. 2022;7:38. https://doi.org/10.21037/amj-22-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li HM, Zhong BL. Quality of life among college students and its associated factors: a narrative review. AME Med J. 2022;7:38. https://doi.org/10.21037/amj-22-96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anandan J, Dwivedi DP, Govindaraj V. Clinical phenotypes of COPD and their impact on quality of life: A cross-sectional study. Respir Med. 2023;220:107452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107452.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anandan J, Dwivedi DP, Govindaraj V. Clinical phenotypes of COPD and their impact on quality of life: A cross-sectional study. Respir Med. 2023;220:107452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107452.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Megari K. Quality of Life in Chronic Disease Patients. Health Psychol Res. 2013;1(3):e27. https://doi.org/10.4081/hpr.2013.e27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Megari K. Quality of Life in Chronic Disease Patients. Health Psychol Res. 2013;1(3):e27. https://doi.org/10.4081/hpr.2013.e27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bordon J, Slomka M, Gupta R, Furmanek S, Cavallazzi R, Sethi S et al. Hospitalization due to community-acquired pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: incidence, epidemiology and outcomes. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(2):220–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.06.025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bordon J, Slomka M, Gupta R, Furmanek S, Cavallazzi R, Sethi S et al. Hospitalization due to community-acquired pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: incidence, epidemiology and outcomes. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(2):220–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.06.025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Игнатова ГЛ, Авдеев СН, Антонов ВН, Блинова ЕВ. Десятилетний анализ эффективности вакцинации против пневмококковой инфекции у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Пульмонология. 2023;33(6):750–758. https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2023-33-6-750-758.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ignatova GL, Avdeev SN, Antonov VN, Blinova EV. Ten-year analysis of the efficacy of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonologiya. 2023;33(6):750–758. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2023-33-6-750-758.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Игнатова ГЛ, Авдеев СН, Антонов ВН, Блинова ЕВ, Осиков МВ. Вакцинопрофилактика против пневмококковой инфекции, как инструмент снижения смертности у пациентов ХОБЛ и ИБС. Бюллетень физиологии и патологии дыхания. 2024;(94):8–19. https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2024-94-8-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ignatova GL, Avdeev SN, Antonov VN, Blinova EV, Osikov MV. Vaccination against pneumococcal infection as a tool to reduce mortality in patients with COPD and IHD. Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration. 2024;(94):8–19. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2024-94-8-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winterberg AV, Richmond S, Tighe NTG, Buckley J, Buck DW. Implementation of a standardised questionnaire for documenting preoperative respiratory illness in paediatric patients. BMJ Open Qual. 2024;13(4):e002843. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2024-002843.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winterberg AV, Richmond S, Tighe NTG, Buckley J, Buck DW. Implementation of a standardised questionnaire for documenting preoperative respiratory illness in paediatric patients. BMJ Open Qual. 2024;13(4):e002843. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2024-002843.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jones PW, Harding G, Berry P, Wiklund I, Chen WH, Kline Leidy N. Development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test. Eur Resp J. 2009;34(3):648–654. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00102509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jones PW, Harding G, Berry P, Wiklund I, Chen WH, Kline Leidy N. Development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test. Eur Resp J. 2009;34(3):648–654. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00102509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hegelund MH, Jagerova L, Olsen MF, Ryrsø CK, Ritz C, Dungu AM et al. Health-related quality of life predicts prognosis in individuals with COPD hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia – a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):27315. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74933-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hegelund MH, Jagerova L, Olsen MF, Ryrsø CK, Ritz C, Dungu AM et al. Health-related quality of life predicts prognosis in individuals with COPD hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia – a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):27315. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74933-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan D, Wang B, Cao P, Wang Y, Sun J, Geng P et al. High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute-moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Crit Care. 2024;28(1):250. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-024-05040-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan D, Wang B, Cao P, Wang Y, Sun J, Geng P et al. High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute-moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Crit Care. 2024;28(1):250. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-024-05040-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hardang IM, Søyseth V, Kononova N, Hagve TA, Einvik G. COPD: Iron Deficiency and Clinical Characteristics in Patients With and Without Chronic Respiratory Failure. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2024;11(3):261–269. https://doi.org/10.15326/jcopdf.2023.0477.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hardang IM, Søyseth V, Kononova N, Hagve TA, Einvik G. COPD: Iron Deficiency and Clinical Characteristics in Patients With and Without Chronic Respiratory Failure. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2024;11(3):261–269. https://doi.org/10.15326/jcopdf.2023.0477.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tu Y, Chen Y, Li X, Wang Y, Fang B, Ren Y, Wang C. Advances in acute COPD exacerbation: clarifying specific immune mechanisms of infectious and noninfectious factors. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2025;19:17534666241308408. https://doi.org/10.1177/17534666241308408.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tu Y, Chen Y, Li X, Wang Y, Fang B, Ren Y, Wang C. Advances in acute COPD exacerbation: clarifying specific immune mechanisms of infectious and noninfectious factors. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2025;19:17534666241308408. https://doi.org/10.1177/17534666241308408.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li J, Liang L, Samuel Cai Y, Zuo Y, Su J, Feng L et al. Tracking COPD exacerbation patterns and forecasting readmission risks utilizing electronic medical records. Int J Med Inform. 2024;189:105505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105505.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li J, Liang L, Samuel Cai Y, Zuo Y, Su J, Feng L et al. Tracking COPD exacerbation patterns and forecasting readmission risks utilizing electronic medical records. Int J Med Inform. 2024;189:105505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105505.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aggarwal B, Jones P, Casas A, Gomes M, Juthong S, Litewka D et al. Association between Increased Risk of Pneumonia with ICS in COPD: A Continuous Variable Analysis of Patient Factors from the IMPACT Study. Pulm Ther. 2024;10(2):183–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41030-024-00255-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aggarwal B, Jones P, Casas A, Gomes M, Juthong S, Litewka D et al. Association between Increased Risk of Pneumonia with ICS in COPD: A Continuous Variable Analysis of Patient Factors from the IMPACT Study. Pulm Ther. 2024;10(2):183–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41030-024-00255-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakagawa N, Katsurada M, Fukuda Y, Noguchi S, Horita N, Miki M et al. Risk factors for drug-resistant pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2025;34(175):240183. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0183-2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakagawa N, Katsurada M, Fukuda Y, Noguchi S, Horita N, Miki M et al. Risk factors for drug-resistant pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2025;34(175):240183. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0183-2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2021 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2024;403(10440): 2100–2132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00367-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GBD 2021 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2024;403(10440): 2100–2132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00367-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roberts MH, Mannino DM, Mapel DW, Lunacsek O, Amin S, Farrelly E et al. Disease Burden and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in the US – Evidence from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) from 2016-2019. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2024;19:1033–1046. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S446696.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roberts MH, Mannino DM, Mapel DW, Lunacsek O, Amin S, Farrelly E et al. Disease Burden and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in the US – Evidence from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) from 2016-2019. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2024;19:1033–1046. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S446696.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
