medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2025-278medsovet-9274Research ArticleШКОЛА ПЕДИАТРАPEDIATRICIAN SCHOOLПробиотики в современной медицинской практике: от мифов к научным доказательствамProbiotics in current medical practice: From myths to scientific evidencehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6150-1808ПлотниковаЕ. Ю.PlotnikovaE. Yu.

Плотникова Екатерина Юрьевна - д.м.н., профессор кафедры поликлинической терапии, последипломной подготовки и сестринского дела, руководитель курса клинической гастроэнтерологии.

650022, Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а

Ekaterina Yu. Plotnikova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Outpatient Therapy, Postgraduate Training and Nursing, Head of the Course of Clinical Gastroenterology, Kemerovo State Medical University.

22a, Voroshilov St., Kemerovo, 650029

eka-pl@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3475-9125ЗахароваЮ. В.ZakharovaYu. V.

Захарова Юлия Викторовна - д.м.н., профессор кафедры микробиологии, иммунологии и вирусологии.

650022, Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а

Yuliya V. Zakharova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Virology, Kemerovo State Medical University.

22a, Voroshilov St., Kemerovo, 650029

yvz@bk.ruКемеровский государственный медицинский университетРоссияKemerovo State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202502082025011197204Copyright © Плотникова Е.Ю., Захарова Ю.В., 20252025Плотникова Е.Ю., Захарова Ю.В.Plotnikova E.Y., Zakharova Y.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9274

В последние годы пробиотики привлекают все больше внимания клиницистов благодаря их использованию для профилактики и лечения множества заболеваний. Вместе с этим растет и количество мифов, навязываемых различными источниками информации. Основные механизмы действия пробиотиков включают усиление барьерной функции слизистой оболочки, прямой антагонизм с патогенами, подавление адгезии и инвазии бактерий в эпителий кишечника, укрепление иммунной системы и регуляцию центральной нервной системы. Нормальная микробиота кишечника человека играет важную роль в поддержании здоровья. При нарушении микробиоты кишечника или дисбактериозе могут возникать такие заболевания, как инфекции, аутоиммунные заболевания, аллергия и др. Пробиотики являются многообещающим методом профилактики и даже уменьшения симптомов таких клинических состояний в качестве вспомогательной терапии, сохраняя баланс нормальной кишечной микробиоты и укрепляя иммунную систему. В настоящем обзоре авторы опровергают распространенные мифы, которые мешают рекомендовать и применять пробиотики по различным показаниям. На сегодняшний день более убедительные данные в пользу их клинического применения получены при профилактике желудочно-кишечных расстройств, диареи, вызванной приемом антибиотиков, аллергии и респираторных инфекций. Множество исследований in vitro, на животных и клинические исследования с людьми показали важность микробиоты человека, улучшение и восстановление ее функций при использовании пробиотиков. В этом обзоре мы попытались обобщить современные знания о применении пробиотиков и их терапевтическом потенциале при различных заболеваниях не только органов пищеварения, но и за пределами желудочно-кишечного тракта.

In recent years, probiotics have gained increasingly greater attention of clinicians due to their use in the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases. At the same time, the number of myths imposed by different media is also growing. The main mechanisms of action of probiotics include improvement of the mucosal barrier function, direct antagonistic activities against pathogens, inhibition of bacterial adhesion and invasion in the intestinal epithelium, enhancing of immunity and central nervous system regulation. Normal gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining the human health. Gut microbiota imbalance and dysbiosis may give rise to such diseases as infections, autoimmune diseases, allergies, etc. Probiotics seem to be a promising approach to the prevention and even relief of symptoms of such clinical conditions as an adjuvant therapy by preserving the normal gut microbiota balance and boosting the immunity. The present review refutes common myths that prevent from recommending and using probiotics for various indications. To date, stronger evidence in favour of their clinical use is provided in the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, allergy and respiratory infections. Numerous in vitro studies, preclinical and clinical trials showed the significance of the human microbiota, improvement and restoration of its functions by probiotic treatment. In this review, we tried to summarize current knowledge on probiotics’ use and therapeutic potential in different diseases of not only digestive system, but also outside the gastrointestinal tract.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.