medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2025-206medsovet-9276Research ArticleЭНДОКРИНОЛОГИЯENDOCRINOLOGYПоказатели качества сна, пищевого поведения, эмоциональных и поведенческих характеристик у мальчиков-подростков с ожирениемDiversity of sleep quality, eating behavior, emotional and behavioral characteristics in adolescent boys with obesityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0740-2646ВторниковаН. И.VtornikovaN. I.

Вторникова Наталья Игоревна - ассистент кафедры детских болезней с клиникой лечебного факультета Института медицинского образования.

197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2

Natalia I. Vtornikova - Assistant of the Department of Children’s Diseases with Clinics of the Institute for Medical Education, Almazov National Medical Research Centre.

2, Akkuratov St., St Petersburg, 197341

vtornikova_ni@almazovcentre.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-0785НикитинаИ. Л.NikitinaI. L.

Никитина Ирина Леоровна - д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой детских болезней с клиникой лечебного факультета Института медицинского образования.

197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2

Irina L. Nikitina - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Children’s Diseases with Clinics of the Institute for Medical Education, Almazov National Medical Research Centre.

2, Akkuratov St., St Petersburg, 197341

nikitina0901@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6341-7856ЛеоноваИ. А.LeonovaI. A.

Леонова Ирина Александровна - к.м.н., доцент, доцент кафедры детских болезней с клиникой лечебного факультета Института медицинского образования.

197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2

Irina A. Leonova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor of the Department of Children’s Diseases with Clinics of the Institute for Medical Education, Almazov National Medical Research Centre.

2, Akkuratov St., St Petersburg, 197341

leonova_ia@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4449-2786КельмансонИ. А.KelmansonI. A.

Кельмансон Игорь Александрович - д.м.н., профессор, профеcсор кафедры детских болезней с клиникой лечебного факультета Института медицинского образования.

197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2

Igor A. Kelmanson - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor of Department of Children’s Diseases with Clinics of the Institute for Medical Education, Almazov National Medical Research Centre.

2, Akkuratov St., St Petersburg, 197341

iakelmanson@hotmail.comНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. АлмазоваРоссияAlmazov National Medical Research CentreRussian Federation2025020820250118092Copyright © Вторникова Н.И., Никитина И.Л., Леонова И.А., Кельмансон И.А., 20252025Вторникова Н.И., Никитина И.Л., Леонова И.А., Кельмансон И.А.Vtornikova N.I., Nikitina I.L., Leonova I.A., Kelmanson I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9276Введение

Введение. Актуальной задачей является изучение индивидуальных клинических вариантов ожирения в отдельных группах пациентов, в т. ч. у мальчиков-подростков.

Цель

Цель. Изучить гетерогенность показателей качества сна, эмоциональных и поведенческих характеристик, пищевого поведения у мальчиков-подростков с ожирением.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Обследовано 164 подростка в возрасте 14–17 лет: 137 – с ожирением и 27 – практически здоровых. Исследование качества сна проводилось по шкале сна и бодрствования подростков. Для выявления симптомов нарушений поведения и эмоциональной сферы использовался опросник Ахенбаха. Для оценки отдельных вариантов изменения пищевого поведения, включая ограничительное, эмоциональное и экстернальное, применялся голландский опросник пищевого поведения.

Результаты

Результаты. Были выделены 6 кластеров наблюдений. Первый состоял из подростков, не имеющих выраженных нарушений пищевого поведения, однако с нарушениями мышления и высокой агрессией на фоне соматических жалоб. Второй – дети с выраженными нарушениями сна, пищевого поведения на фоне низкой социальной адаптации и высокого уровня агрессии. Третий – подростки с отсутствием явных изменений пищевого поведения, хорошим качеством сна, отсутствием выраженных психологических проблем. Четвертый – социально адаптированные подростки, однако с выраженными интернализованными проблемами и эмоциональным пищевым поведением. Пятый – без выраженных проблем в социальной и эмоциональной сфере, однако имеющих нарушения пищевого поведения на фоне выраженного девиантного поведения и элементов агрессии. Шестой – из социально адаптированных подростков с выраженным ограничительным пищевым поведением и отсутствием нарушений эмоциональной сферы и соматических жалоб. Большинство клинически здоровых детей относились к третьему, наиболее благоприятному кластеру, тогда как подростки с ожирением имели более разнообразное представительство кластеров, и отнесение пациентов к любому кластеру в сравнении с третьим было значимым предиктором нарастания z-скора ИМТ.

Выводы

Выводы. Выявлены существенные различия эмоционально-поведенческих характеристик подростков с ожирением, которые следует учитывать при выборе тактики лечения.

Introduction

Introduction. Obesity is a pressing public health issue. An important task is the study of individual clinical variants of obesity in specific patient groups, including adolescent boys.

Aim

Aim. To study the heterogeneity of sleep quality indicators, emotional and behavioral characteristics, and eating behavior in adolescent boys with obesity.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The study included 164 adolescents aged 14–17, comprising 137 with obesity (E66.0, ICD-10) and 27 healthy controls. Sleep quality was assessed using the Adolescent Sleep-Wake Scale (ASWS). Behavioral and emotional disorders were evaluated using the Achenbach questionnaire (Youth Self Report, YSR 11-18). Eating behavior was assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ).

Results

Results. Six distinct clusters were identified: (1) adolescents with thought problems and high aggression; (2) children with sleep and eating disorders, low social adaptation, and high aggression; (3) adolescents without significant issues; (4) socially adapted adolescents with internalized problems and emotional eating; (5) adolescents with eating disorders, deviant behavior, and aggression; and (6) socially adapted adolescents with restrictive eating behavior. Healthy adolescents predominantly belonged to the third cluster, while adolescents with obesity showed diverse cluster representation. Assignment to any cluster other than the third was a significant predictor of increased BMI z-score.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The study revealed significant differences in emotional and behavioral characteristics among adolescents with obesity, emphasizing the importance of considering these factors when selecting treatment approaches.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.