medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2025-257medsovet-9306Research ArticleНЕРВНО-ПСИХИЧЕСКИЕ РАССТРОЙСТВАNEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERSИнсомния – значимый фактор когнитивных нарушений: обзор литературы и клиническое наблюдениеInsomnia is a significant factor in cognitive impairment: Literature review and clinical observationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6762-8845ЕсинР. Г.EsinR. G.

Есин Радий Германович - д.м.н., профессор кафедры неврологии с курсами психиатрии, клинической психологии и медицинской генетики, Казанский (Приволжский) ФУ; профессор кафедры неврологии, Казанская ГМА – филиал Российской медицинской академии непрерывного профессионального образования

420008, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, д. 18; 420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 36

Radiy G. Esin - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Neurology with Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Medical Genetics Courses, Kazan (Volga Region) FU; Professor of the Department of Neurology, Kazan State Medical Academy – a branch of the RMACPE.

18, Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, 420008; 36, Butlerov St., Kazan, 420012

adyesin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-6750-430XМаштаковаА. И.MashtakovaA. I.

Маштакова Александра Игоревна 0 ординатор кафедры неврологии с курсами психиатрии, клинической психологии и медицинской генетики.

420008, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, д. 18

Aleksandra I. Mashtakova - Clinical Resident of the Department of Neurology with Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Medical Genetics Courses.

18, Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, 420008

aleksandra.mashtakova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-4446ЕсинО. Р.EsinO. R.

Есин Олег Радиевич - к.м.н., доцент кафедры неврологии с курсами психиатрии, клинической психологии и медицинской генетики, Казанский (Приволжский) ФУ; врач-невролог, Клиника оториноларингологии.

420008, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, д. 18; 420059, Казань, ул. Даурская, д. 12

Oleg R. Esin - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Neurology with Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Medical Genetics Courses, Kazan (Volga Region) FUy; Neurologist, Otorhinolaryngology Clinic LLC.

18, Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, 420008; 12, Daurskaya St., Kazan, 420059

olegesin@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-6556СахаповаЛ. Р.SakhapovaL. R.

Сахапова Лилия Рустэмовна - к.м.н., врач-рентгенолог.

420039, Казань, ул. Исаева, д. 5

Liliia R. Sakhapova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Radiologist.

5, Isaev St., Kazan, 420039

sahapova800@gmail.comКазанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет; Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал Российской медицинской академии непрерывного профессионального образованияРоссияKazan (Volga Region) Federal University; Kazan State Medical Academy – a branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional EducationRussian FederationКазанский (Приволжский) федеральный университетРоссияKazan (Volga Region) Federal UniversityRussian FederationКазанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет; Клиника оториноларингологииРоссияKazan (Volga Region) Federal University; Otorhinolaryngology Clinic LLCRussian FederationГоспиталь для ветеранов войнРоссияHospital for War VeteransRussian Federation2025080820250125563Copyright © Есин Р.Г., Маштакова А.И., Есин О.Р., Сахапова Л.Р., 20252025Есин Р.Г., Маштакова А.И., Есин О.Р., Сахапова Л.Р.Esin R.G., Mashtakova A.I., Esin O.R., Sakhapova L.R.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9306

Работа представляет собой анализ современной литературы о влиянии инсомнии на когнитивные функции. Поиск осуществлялся в базах данных РИНЦ, «Российская медицина», Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar по ключевым словам: инсомния, нарушение сна, когнитивные функции, память, функциональная МРТ, лечение инсомнии, доксиламин. Глубина поиска составила 40 лет. Последствия нарушений сна включают воздействие на теломеры хромосом, снижение активации нейронов и нарушение функциональных связей мозга. Недостаточный сон изменяет активность нейронов коры головного мозга в областях, ответственных за когнитивные функции, нарушает функциональную связь между областями мозга, опосредующими исполнительные функции, память и регуляцию эмоций. Глимфатический клиренс играет важную роль в патогенезе болезни Альцгеймера, т. к. подавляющее большинство токсичных метаболитов удаляется во время сна. Деменция связана с нарушением сна наряду с возрастным снижением функции аквапорина-4. Процесс накопления токсичных метаболитов (в том числе амилоида-β) начинается в молодом возрасте и ассоциирован с укорочением длительности сна. Немедикаментозные меры улучшения сна включают поведенческую коррекцию: обучение привычкам сна, оптимизацию условий сна и улучшение режима сна, умеренную физическую активность в течение дня, коррекцию факторов окружающей среды. При инсомнии возможно назначение блокаторов центральных гистаминовых H1-рецепторов. Доксиламин – лекарственное средство, используемое для лечения тошноты и рвоты у беременных, аллергического ринита и бессонницы. Валокордин®-Доксиламин – это безопасное и эффективное безрецептурное лекарственное средство, которое может принести пользу пациенту с минимальными побочными эффектами при правильном применении.

The work presents an analysis of the current literature on the effect of insomnia on cognitive functions. The search was carried out using the databases of RSCI, Russian Medicine, Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, using the keywords: insomnia, sleep disorder, cognitive functions, memory, functional MRI, treatment of insomnia, doxylamine. The search depth was 40 years. The consequences of sleep disorders include effects on chromosome telomeres, decreased neuron activation, and impaired brain connectivity. Insufficient sleep alters the activity of cortical neurons in areas responsible for cognitive functions, disrupts the functional connection between brain regions mediating executive functions, memory, and emotion regulation. Glymphatic clearance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, as the vast majority of toxic metabolites are eliminated during sleep, and dementia is associated with sleep disorders along with age-related decreased aquaporin-4 function. The accumulation of toxic metabolites (including amyloid-β) begins at a young age and is associated with a shortening of sleep duration. Non-drug sleep improvement measures include behavioral correction: learning sleep habits, optimizing sleep conditions and improving sleep patterns, moderate physical activity during the day, and correcting environmental factors. In case of insomnia, central histamine H1 receptor blockers may be prescribed. Doxylamine is a drug used to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnant women, allergic rhinitis, and insomnia. Valocordin®-Doxylamine is a safe and effective over-the-counter medication that can benefit the patient with minimal side effects if used correctly.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.