References

medsovet

Медицинский Совет

Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council

2079-701X2658-5790

REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.

10.21518/ms2025-305

medsovet-9315

Research Article

ДЕТСКАЯ НЕВРОЛОГИЯ

CHILD NEUROLOGY

Когнитивные и психоэмоциональные нарушения у детей после черепно-мозговой травмы: причины возникновения, клиника и терапия

Cognitive and psycho-emotional disorders in children after traumatic brain injuries: Causes, clinical picture and therapy

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4276-8400

Нестеровский

Ю. Е.

Nesterovskiy

Yu. E.

Нестеровский Юрий Евгеньевич - к.м.н., доцент кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики имени академика Л.О. Бадаляна Института нейронаук и нейротехнологий.

117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Yuriy E. Nesterovskiy - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics named after Academician L.O. Badalyan, Institute of Neurosciences and Neurotechnology.

1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997

yenest@bk.ru

Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. ПироговаРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation

2025

08082025

012142152

2025

Нестеровский Ю.Е.

Nesterovskiy Y.E.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9315

Черепно-мозговая травма (ЧМТ) является серьезной проблемой общественного здравоохранения, затрагивающая не менее 3 млн детей во всем мире каждый год и может приводить к смерти или инвалидности, особенно часто у пациентов с умеренной или тяжелой формой ЧМТ. В России, по данным федеральной службы государственной статистики (Росстат), за 2023 г. у детей в возрасте от 0 до 17 лет зарегистрировано 1 014,3 тыс. случаев травмы головы (в пересчете на 100 тыс. детского населения – 3 353,5), что уступает по численности только травмам запястья / кисти и травмам области голеностопного сустава / стопы. Дети, перенесшие ЧМТ, могут страдать не только от двигательных нарушений при повреждении головного мозга, но также иметь комбинацию когнитивных, поведенческих и эмоциональных нарушений, которые могут сохраняться длительный период времени после травмы. У детей с умеренной и тяжелой ЧМТ возникает дефицит, который сохраняется и во взрослом возрасте, влияя на результаты обучения и дальнейшего трудоустройства, психосоциальное функционирование и качество жизни. Посткоммоционный синдром как наиболее частое осложнение легкой ЧМТ может развиваться во всех возрастных группах. Было доказано, что нарушения управляющей функции присутствуют как во время острой фазы восстановления после ЧМТ, так и могут сохраняться в долгосрочной перспективе. Управляющие функции имеют решающее значение для академической успеваемости и общего развития ребенка. В настоящее время проводится поиск биомаркеров крови, которые помогут обеспечить объективные показатели тяжести травмы, помочь выявить детей с риском замедленного восстановления функций ЦНС. Медицинская помощь детям с ЧМТ должна иметь мультидисциплинарный подход с созданием индивидуальных траекторий восстановительных программ с учетом выявленных нарушений. Холина альфосцерат является перспективным эффективным препаратом для коррекции нарушений нервно-психического развития и восстановления когнитивных функций у детей после ЧМТ.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern with an estimated not less than 3 million children worldwide affected annually. It can result in death or disability, especially in patients with moderate or severe TBI. According to the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), in Russia 1,014.3 thousand cases of head injury were registered in children aged 0 to 17 years (3,353.5 per 100,000 children) in 2023, which is second only to wrist/hand injuries and ankle/foot injuries in terms of figures. Children who had TBIs may suffer not only from movement disorders associated with brain injury, but also have a combination of cognitive, behavioural, and emotional impairments that may persist for a long period of time after the injury. Children with moderate to severe TBIs develop deficits that persist into adulthood, affecting education and employments outcomes, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life. Post-concussion syndrome, the most common complication of mild TBI, can develop in all age groups. Dysexecutive syndrome has been shown to be present during the acute period of recovery from TBI and may persist over the long-term horizon. Executive functions are crucial for a child's academic performance and overall development. Blood biomarkers have been explored for their potential to provide objective measures in the assessment of injury severity and to help identify children at risk for delayed recovery of CNS functions. Medical treatment for children with TBI should include a multidisciplinary approach and creation of individual trajectories of recovery programs with due account for identified disorders. Choline alfoscerate is a promising effective drug to correct neurodevelopmental disorders and recover cognitive functions in children after TBI.

черепно-мозговая травмаЧМТсотрясение головного мозгапосткоммоционный синдромуправляющие функциибиомаркерылечениехолина альфосцератдетиподростки

traumatic brain injuryTBIconcussionpost-concussion syndromeexecutive functionsbiomarkerstreatmentcholine alfosceratechildrenadolescents

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.