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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2025-292</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-9381</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сложность дифференциальной диагностики хронической одышки у пожилых</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Difficulty in the differential diagnosis of chronic dyspnea in the elderly</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6512-1629</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капустина</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapustina</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Капустина Валентина Андреевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры факультетской терапии №1 Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina A. Kapustina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Faculty Therapy No.1, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kapustina.valentina.a@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-3260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чичкова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chichkova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чичкова Наталья Васильевна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры факультетской терапии №1 Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Chichkova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Faculty Therapy No.1, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvchichkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королькова</surname><given-names>О. B.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolkova</surname><given-names>O V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Королькова Олеся Васильевна, врач-терапевт терапевтического отделения Университетской клинической больницы №1</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya V. Korolkova, Therapist of the Therapeutic Department of University Clinical Hospital No.1</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korolkova_o_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9717-8998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозова Наталия Владимировна, к.м.н., заведующая терапевтическим отделением Университетской клинической больницы №1</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Morozova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Therapeutic Department of University Clinical Hospital No.1</p><p>8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nv-morozova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>13</issue><fpage>323</fpage><lpage>329</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Капустина В.А., Чичкова Н.В., Королькова О.B., Морозова Н.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Капустина В.А., Чичкова Н.В., Королькова О.B., Морозова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kapustina V.A., Chichkova N.V., Korolkova O.V., Morozova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9381">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9381</self-uri><abstract><p>Одышка – тягостное ощущение нехватки воздуха, которое имеет как субъективные, так и объективные проявления, хорошо знакомые и встречающиеся в работе врачей многих специальностей. Наиболее частой причиной одышки является патология органов дыхания и сердечно-сосудистые системы, нейромышечные заболевания, психосоматические состояния и метаболические нарушения. Для острой (длительностью до 1 мес.) и хронической (длительностью свыше 1 мес.) одышки характерен свой спектр патологических состояний. Особые сложности может вызывать дифференциальная диагностика хронической одышки у людей старшего возраста в силу возрастных изменений, атипичного течения заболеваний, коморбидности и возможной полипрагмазии. В представленном клиническом наблюдении описан опыт ведения пациентки пожилого возраста со сложным генезом хронической одышки. В ходе длительного наблюдения у пациентки последовательно развивались заболевания, каждое из которых в своей клинической картине имеет одышку как яркое проявление: нарушение ритма сердца (фибрилляция предсердий) с последующим развитием хронический сердечной недостаточности, анемия смешанного генеза (железо-, фолиевои В12-дефицитная) и, наконец, легочная артериальная гипертензия в рамках системной склеродермии. Поиск новых причин одышки стал возможен благодаря динамической оценке состояния больной с анализом изменений в клинической картине, при расширении спектра лабораторно-инструментального обследования и привлечении специалистов другого профиля. Современные алгоритмы диагностики и мультидисциплинарный подход становятся важными рабочими инструментами в ведении пациентов с хронической одышкой.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Dyspnea is a painful sensation of lack of air. It has both subjective and objective manifestations and is well-known in the clinical practices of doctors of many specialties. The most common causes of shortness of breath are respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, neuromuscular disorders, psychosomatic conditions, and metabolic disorders. Acute dyspnea, which lasts up to one month, and chronic shortness of breath, which lasts more than one month, are both characterized by a spectrum of pathological conditions. Chronic dyspnea in older people can be a challenge to diagnose because of age-related changes, the atypical course of diseases, comorbidity, and possible polypharmacy. The presented clinical case describes the experience of treating an elderly patient with a chronic dyspnea that had a complex genesis. During the follow-up the patient gradually developed diseases, each of which manifested as shortness of breath: atrial fibrillation, which subsequently led to chronic heart failure; mixed anemia due to iron, folate, and B12 deficiency; and finally, systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary hypertension. The search for new reasons of dyspnea has become possible due to a dynamic reassessment of the patient’s condition, which involves analyzing changes in the clinical findings, expanding the range of laboratory and instrumental examinations and involving specialists from diverse disciplines. Modern diagnostic algorithms and a multidisciplinary approach are important tools for managing patients with chronic dyspnea.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>одышка</kwd><kwd>пожилой пациент</kwd><kwd>алгоритм дифференциальной диагностики</kwd><kwd>анемия</kwd><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>легочная артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>системная склеродермия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dyspnea</kwd><kwd>elderly patient</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis algorithm</kwd><kwd>anemia</kwd><kwd>chronic heart failure</kwd><kwd>pulmonary arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>systemic scleroderma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин АМ, Плетнева ДД (ред.). Основы клинической диагностики для врачей и студентов. Л.: Госиздат; 1928. 1031 с. 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