medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2025-338medsovet-9423Research ArticleКОСМЕТОЛОГИЯCOSMETOLOGYЭпигенетика старения кожи: от механизмов к поиску способов коррекцииEpigenetics of skin aging: from mechanisms to the search for methods of correctionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9323-4604ТлишМ. М.TlishM. M.

Тлиш Марина Моссовна - д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой дерматовенерологии.

350063, Краснодар, ул. Митрофана Седина, д. 4

Marina M. Tlish - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Dermatovenereology.

4, Mitrofan Sedin St., Krasnodar, 350063

tlish_mm@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-6221ШавиловаМ. Е.ShavilovaM. E.

Шавилова Марина Евгеньевна - к.м.н., ассистент кафедры дерматовенерологии.

350063, Краснодар, ул. Митрофана Седина, д. 4

Marina E. Shavilova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Dermatovenereology.

4, Mitrofan Sedin St., Krasnodar, 350063

marina@netzkom.ruКубанский государственный медицинский университетРоссияKuban State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202530092025014193200Copyright © Тлиш М.М., Шавилова М.Е., 20252025Тлиш М.М., Шавилова М.Е.Tlish M.M., Shavilova M.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9423

Возрастные изменения в организме – это сложный биологический процесс, требующий проведения исследований на стыке различных научных дисциплин. Современная наука добилась существенного прогресса в изучении молекулярных, клеточных, генетических и биохимических механизмов старения. Это позволило сформулировать концепции, описывающие влияние внешних факторов на геном и открывающие перспективы для создания методов функционального омоложения. Особое место среди них занимают исследования, направленные на изучение системы регуляции генной активности, не связанной с изменением нуклеотидной последовательности ДНК, но оказывающей существенное влияние на экспрессию генов. Данными вопросами занимается активно развивающаяся научная дисциплина – эпигенетика. Эпигеномные процессы отражают взаимодействие генотипа и фенотипа, играя ключевую роль в адаптации процессов старения в ответ на воздействие окружающей среды. При этом кожа представляет собой уникальную модель для изучения данных механизмов благодаря своей сложной структуре, постоянному обновлению и непосредственному взаимодействию с внешними факторами. В статье приводится анализ современной концепции старения кожи, в которой идея о ведущей роли наследственности сочетается с новыми научными данными о значении эпигенетической регуляции. Рассматриваются ключевые эпигенетические изменения, такие как нарушения метилирования ДНК, модификации гистонов и дисрегуляция генов, опосредованная микроРНК. Подчеркивается, что изучение механизмов влияния факторов окружающей среды на эпигеном открывает перспективы для поиска терапевтических подходов, способствующих коррекции и профилактике возрастных изменений. Описывается влияние на эпигенетические процессы старения модификации образа жизни, методов физиотерапии и различных химических соединений. Отмечено, что коррекция молекулярных механизмов старения кожи способна обеспечить устойчивый клинический эффект и представляет особый интерес в разработке косметических средств для эпигенетического ухода за кожей. Акцентировано внимание на том, что интеграция эпигенетических исследований в эстетическую дерматологию позволяет не только корректировать внешние признаки старения, но и воздействовать на их глубинные биологические механизмы.

Age-related changes in the body are a complex biological process that requires research at the intersection of various scientific disciplines. Modern science has made significant progress in the study of molecular, cellular, genetic and biochemical mechanisms of aging. This has allowed us to formulate concepts that describe the influence of external factors on the genome and open up prospects for creating methods of functional rejuvenation. A special place among them is occupied by studies aimed at studying the system of regulation of gene activity that is not associated with a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA, but has a significant impact on gene expression. These issues are addressed by an actively developing scientific discipline – epigenetics. Epigenomic processes reflect the interaction of genotype and phenotype, playing a key role in the adaptation of aging processes in response to environmental influences. At the same time, the skin is a unique model for studying these mechanisms due to its complex structure, constant renewal and direct interaction with external factors. The article provides an analysis of the modern concept of skin aging, in which the idea of the leading role of heredity is combined with new scientific data on the importance of epigenetic regulation. Key epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation disorders, histone modifications and gene dysregulation mediated by microRNA are considered. It is emphasized that the study of the mechanisms of the influence of environmental factors on the epigenome opens up prospects for finding therapeutic approaches that contribute to the correction and prevention of age-related changes. The effect of lifestyle modification, physiotherapy methods and various chemical compounds on the epigenetic processes of aging is described. It is noted that the correction of the molecular mechanisms of skin aging can provide a sustainable clinical effect and is of particular interest in the development of cosmetics for epigenetic skin care. Attention is focused on the fact that the integration of epigenetic research into aesthetic dermatology allows not only to correct the external signs of aging, but also to influence their deep biological mechanisms.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.