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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2025-370</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-9454</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ БИЛИАРНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ И ПЕЧЕНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISEASES OF THE BILIARY SYSTEM AND LIVER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новый взгляд на классификацию желчнокаменной болезни</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A new look at the classification of gallstone disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7367-9219</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мехтиев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mekhtiev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мехтиев Сабир Насрединович - д.м.н., профессор кафедры терапии госпитальной с курсом аллергологии и иммунологии имени академика М.В. Черноруцкого с клиникой, ПСПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова; главный врач, ГЦ «Эксперт».</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8; 197110, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Пионерская, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sabir N. Mekhtiev - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Hospital Therapy with a Course of Allergology and Immunology named after Academician M.V. Chernorutsky with the Clinic, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Chief Physician, Gastroenterological Center “Expert”.</p><p>6–8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022; 16, Pionerskaya St., St Petersburg, 197110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sabirm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-855X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мехтиева</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mekhtieva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мехтиева Ольга Александровна - к.м.н., доцент кафедры терапии госпитальной с курсом аллергологии и иммунологии имени акад. М.В. Черноруцкого с клиникой, ПСПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова; врач-гастроэнтеролог, кардиолог, ГЦ «Эксперт».</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8; 197110, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Пионерская, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Mekhtieva - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor Department of Hospital Therapy with a Course of Allergology and Immunology named after Academician M.V. Chernorutsky with the Clinic, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Gastroenterologist, Therapist, Cardiologist, Gastroenterological Center “Expert”.</p><p>6–8, Lev Tolstoy St., St Petersburg, 197022; 16, Pionerskaya St., St Petersburg, 197110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgam-pantera@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова; Гастроэнтерологический центр «Эксперт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Gastroenterological Center “Expert”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>15</issue><fpage>118</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мехтиев С.Н., Мехтиева О.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мехтиев С.Н., Мехтиева О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mekhtiev S.N., Mekhtieva O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9454">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9454</self-uri><abstract><p>Учитывая новые возможности диагностики с применением эндоультрасонографии, авторы предлагают дополнить дефиницию «желчнокаменная болезнь» (ЖКБ), а именно рассматривать ее как хроническое заболевание гепатобилиарной системы, при котором наблюдается образование не только камней в желчных путях, но и микрохолелитиаза (микрохолецисто- и/или микрохоледохолитиаза), а также билиарного сладжа. В статье обсуждается проект новой классификации ЖКБ, критерии диагностики, особенности клинического течения различных стадий ЖКБ. Одним из перспективных подходов в лечении ЖКБ, который позволяет уменьшить риск прогрессирования и развития осложнений заболевания на всех его стадиях, а также после холецистэктомии, является применение фиксированной комбинации глицирризиновой и урсодезоксихолевой кислоты. На основании анализа имеющихся научных публикаций и собственного клинического опыта в данной проблемной статье обсуждается проект новой классификации ЖКБ, основанный на новых методах диагностики, который предлагается для рассмотрения специалистам терапевтического и хирургического профиля. В работе представлены критерии диагностики, особенности клинического течения различных стадий ЖКБ и обращается внимание на то, что уже при ЖКБ I стадии возможно развитие таких осложнений, как острый панкреатит и холангит. Дополнительно рассматривается вопрос внесения в классификацию ЖКБ раздела по различным состояниям после холецистэктомии. В статье приведены принципы фармакотерапии ЖКБ, основанные на патогенетических механизмах развития заболевания. Универсальным комбинированным препаратом является урсодезоксихолевая кислота, действие которой потенцируется при добавлении к ней глицирризиновой кислоты. Усовершенствование классификации ЖКБ, в т. ч. ее I стадии и состояния после холецистэктомии, необходимо для изучения особенностей клинической картины, прогноза в отношении формирования конкрементов и рисков осложнений, а также оптимизации лечебной тактики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Given the new diagnostic possibilities using endoultrasonography, the authors propose to supplement the definition of “gall-stone disease” (GSD), i.e. to consider it as a chronic hepatobiliary disease, in which not only stones, but also microcholelithiasis (microcholecysto- and/or microcholedocholithiasis), and biliary sludge are forming in the bile ducts. The article discusses a new draft classification of GSD, diagnostic criteria, and features of the clinical course of different stages of GSD. The therapy with a fixed-dose combination of GA and UDCA has become one of the promising approaches to the treatment of GSD, which reduces the risk of progression and complications of the disease at all its stages, as well as after cholecystectomy. Based on the analysis of available research papers and our own clinical experience, this topical article discusses a new draft classification of GSD based on new diagnostic methods, which is proposed for consideration by surgical and non-surgical specialists. The work presents diagnostic criteria, features of the clinical course of different stages of GSD, and points to the fact that complications such as acute pancreatitis and cholangitis may develop even with stage I GSD. Attention was also being given to the question of incorporating a section on different post-cholecystectomy conditions into the classification of GSD. The article presents the principles of pharmacotherapy for GSD based on the pathogenetic mechanisms by which it develops. The ursodeoxycholic acid is a multi-purpose combination drug, whose effect is potentiated by glycyrrhizic acid added to it. Improvement of the classification of GSD, including its stage I and the post-cholecystectomy condition, is needed to study the features of the clinical picture, prognosis for stone formation and the risks for complications, as well as optimization of disease management.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микрохолелитиаз</kwd><kwd>билиарный сладж</kwd><kwd>острый идиопатический панкреатит</kwd><kwd>эндоультрасонография</kwd><kwd>холецистэктомия</kwd><kwd>глицирризиновая кислота</kwd><kwd>урсодезоксихолевая кислота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microcholelithiasis</kwd><kwd>biliary sludge</kwd><kwd>acute idiopathic pancreatitis</kwd><kwd>endoultrasonography</kwd><kwd>cholecystectomy</kwd><kwd>glycyrrhizic acid</kwd><kwd>ursodeoxycholic acid</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин ВТ, Маев ИВ, Баранская ЕК, Охлобыстин АВ, Шульпекова ЮО, Трухманов АС и др. 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