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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2025-467</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-9562</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>САХАРНЫЙ ДИАБЕТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIABETES MELLITUS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние семаглутида и тирзепатида на скелетную мускулатуру: существенная польза или значительный риск?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The impact of semaglutide and tirzepatide on skeletal muscle: Significant benefit or substantial risk?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-0941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салухов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salukhov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Салухов Владимир Владимирович, д.м.н., профессор начальник 1-й кафедры и клиники (терапии усовершенствования врачей) имени академика Н.С. Молчанова</p><p>194044, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика  Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Salukhov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the 1st Department and Clinic (Advanced Physician Therapy) named after Academician N.S. Molchanov</p><p>6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlasaluk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9075-8274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шустов</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shustov</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шустов Сергей Борисович, д.м.н., профессор, профессор 1-й кафедры и клиники (терапии усовершенствования врачей) имени академика Н.С. Молчанова</p><p>194044, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика  Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey B. Shustov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor of the 1st Department and Clinic (Advanced Physician Therapy) named after Academician N.S. Molchanov</p><p>6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sbs5555@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7244-4303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петранков</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrankov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петранков Кирилл Владимирович, к.м.н., врач-эндокринолог 1-й кафедры (терапии усовершенствования врачей)</p><p>194044, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill V. Petrankov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Endocrinologist of the 1st Department and Clinic (Advanced Physician Therapy) named after Academician N.S. Molchanov </p><p>6, Akademik Lebedev St., St Petersburg, 194044, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrnakovk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>16</issue><elocation-id>195–206</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Салухов В.В., Шустов С.Б., Петранков К.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Салухов В.В., Шустов С.Б., Петранков К.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Salukhov V.V., Shustov S.B., Petrankov K.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9562">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9562</self-uri><abstract><p>Инкретиновые препараты (арГПП-1 и арГИП/арГПП-1) совершили прорыв в лечении ожирения, продемонстрировав значительную эффективность в снижении массы тела и улучшении кардиометаболических параметров. Многочисленные исследования свидетельствуют о том, что помимо гастроинтестинальных нежелательных явлений, эти препараты могут способствовать уменьшению количества мышечной массы, потенциально ухудшая метаболический статус пациентов. Существует неоднородность в имеющихся данных об эффектах терапии на основе инкретинов на изменения сухой массы в клинических испытаниях: в некоторых исследованиях снижение сухой массы составляет от 40 до 60% от общего потерянного веса, тогда как в других наблюдается снижение примерно на 15% или менее. Существует несколько потенциальных причин, лежащих в основе этой неоднородности, включая популяционные, лекарственно-специфические/молекулярные и сопутствующие эффекты. Кроме того, изменения в сухой массе не всегда могут отражать изменения в мышечной массе, поскольку данный критерий включает не только мышцы, но и органы, кости, жидкости и воду в жировой ткани. Снижение количества мышечной массы имеет особое значение для пожилых больных и пациентов с саркопеническим ожирением, у которых дополнительная потеря мышечной ткани может представлять серьезный риск. В настоящем обзоре приводится обширная доказательная база исследований влияния арГПП-1 и арГИП/арГПП-1 на композиционный состав тела у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа и/или ожирением, излагаются основные патофизиологические механизмы изменения мышечной ткани при ожирении и снижении веса. На основе современных исследований объективизируется снижение количества мышечной массы и обосновывается положительное влияние уменьшения веса на функцию мышц. Предлагаются научно обоснованные стратегии минимизации потенциальных нежелательных явлений для скелетной мускулатуры. Отдельно обсуждаются подходы к инициации и проведению терапии инкретиновыми препаратами у лиц с саркопеническим ожирением.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Injectable incretin therapies (GLP-1 receptor agonists and GIP/GLP-1 dual agonists) have made a breakthrough in the treatment of obesity, demonstrating significant efficacy in weight reduction and improvement of cardiometabolic parameters. Numerous studies indicate that, in addition to gastrointestinal adverse events, these medications may contribute to a reduction in muscle mass, potentially worsening the metabolic status of patients. There is heterogeneity in the available data on the effects of incretin-based therapies on changes in lean mass in clinical trials: some studies report decreases in lean mass of 40% to 60% of total weight loss, while others show decreases in lean mass of approximately 15% or less of total weight loss. There are several potential reasons for this heterogeneity, including population-specific, drug-specific/molecular, and co-occurring effects. Furthermore, changes in lean mass may not always reflect changes in muscle mass, as this measure includes not only muscle but also organs, bone, fluids, and adipose tissue water. This is particularly relevant for elderly patients and those with sarcopenic obesity, for whom additional loss of muscle tissue can pose a serious risk. This review provides an extensive evidence base from studies examining the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists and GIP/GLP-1 dual agonists on body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity, outlining the key pathophysiological mechanisms of muscle tissue alteration in obesity and weight loss. Based on current research, the reduction in muscle mass is discussed, along with the positive effects of weight loss on muscle function. Scientifically grounded strategies are proposed to minimize potential adverse effects on skeletal muscle. Approaches for initiating and conducting incretin therapy in individuals with sarcopenic obesity are discussed separately.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2-го типа</kwd><kwd>саркопения</kwd><kwd>снижение массы тела</kwd><kwd>мышечная масса</kwd><kwd>снижение мышечной массы</kwd><kwd>агонисты рецепторов ГПП-1</kwd><kwd>агонисты рецепторов ГИП/ГПП-1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes</kwd><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>weight loss</kwd><kwd>muscle mass</kwd><kwd>reduction in muscle mass</kwd><kwd>GLP-1 receptor agonists</kwd><kwd>GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, Pinkepank M, Ogurtsova K, Duncan BB et al. 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