medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2025-392medsovet-9605Research ArticleНЕФРОЛОГИЯNEPHROLOGYМикробиом и мочекаменная болезнь: новые возможности профилактикиMicrobiome and urolithiasis: New possibilities for preventionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598ЗахароваИ. Н.ZakharovaI. N.

Захарова Ирина Николаевна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского

125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1

125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28

Irina N. Zakharova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky

2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993

28, Geroyev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373

zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-9601ОсмановИ. М.OsmanovI. M.

Османов Исмаил Магомедович, д.м.н., профессор, главный врач; директор Университетской педиатрической клиники

125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1

125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28

Ismail M. Osmanov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief Physician; Director of the University Pediatric Clinic

2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993

1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997

osmanovim@zdrav.mos.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-0335-0704ЧуриловаВ. Д.ChurilovaV. D.

Чурилова Виктория Дмитриевна, аспирант кафедры педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского

125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1

Viktoriya D. Churilova, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky

2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993

vika.churilova.2020@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0168-2846БекмурзаеваГ. Б.BekmurzaevaG. B.

Бекмурзаева Гульфизат Баудиновна, к.м.н., заведующая нефрологическим отделением, врач-нефролог

125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1

125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28

Gulfizat B. Bekmurzaeva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Nephrology Department, nephrologist

2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993

28, Geroyev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373

 

gulfizat@inbox.ruАнисимоваП. Д.AnisimovaP. D.

Анисимова Полина Дмитриевна, клинический ординатор кафедры педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского

125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1

Polina D. Anisimova, Clinical Resident of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky

2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993

Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования; Детская городская клиническая больница имени З.А. БашляевойРоссияRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical HospitalRussian FederationРоссийская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образованияРоссияRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationRussian Federation202501122025019201–211Copyright © Захарова И.Н., Османов И.М., Чурилова В.Д., Бекмурзаева Г.Б., Анисимова П.Д., 20252025Захарова И.Н., Османов И.М., Чурилова В.Д., Бекмурзаева Г.Б., Анисимова П.Д.Zakharova I.N., Osmanov I.M., Churilova V.D., Bekmurzaeva G.B., Anisimova P.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9605

Изучение мочекаменной болезни имеет многовековую историю. Лечение уролитиаза эволюционировало от проведения тяжелых калечащих операций до современных малоинвазивных лечебных процедур. Эпидемиологические данные свидетельствуют о неуклонном росте заболеваемости уролитиазом во всем мире. Мочекаменная болезнь имеет эндемичный характер, что определяется влиянием разнообразных модифицируемых факторов, в т. ч. социально-экономических и климатических. Согласно статистическим данным, прирост заболеваемости уролитиазом с 2005 по 2019 г. в Российской Федерации составил 35,45%, что диктует необходимость разработки эффективных профилактических мероприятий. Превентивные меры при мочекаменной болезни основаны главным образом на модификации факторов образа жизни и использования фармакотерапии. Современные данные подтверждают парадигму о том, что микробиом человека является полноценным органом, поскольку изменения его качественного и количественного состава в различных локусах могут оказывать существенное влияние на метаболизм и иммунитет. В исследованиях были установлены механизмы, посредством которых определенные компоненты микробиома мочи способны как ингибировать, так и стимулировать литогенез. Исследования показали, что в микробиоме мочевыводящих путей здоровых людей преобладают комменсальные бактерии, такие как Lactobacillus и Streptococcus, которые поддерживают гомеостаз микросреды. У пациентов с мочекаменной болезнью наблюдается значительное снижение разнообразия кишечного и мочевого микробиома, а также изменение численности отдельных таксонов. Изучение микробиома мочи и кишечника является плацдармом для разработки новых подходов к профилактике мочекаменной болезни. В данной статье представлены данные о взаимосвязи микробиома мочи и мочекаменной болезни и рассмотрены перспективы в развитии нового подхода к ее лечению и профилактике.

The history of the scientific study of urolithiasis goes back many centuries. The treatment of urolithiasis has evolved from severe mutilating surgeries to modern minimally invasive procedures. Epidemiological data show that the global incidence rate of urolithiasis keeps steadily growing. Urolithiasis is endemic, which is determined by the influence of various modifiable factors, including socioeconomic and climatic factors. Statistics indicate that the incidence of urolithiasis in the Russian Federation has increased by 35.45% from 2005 to 2019, which necessitates the development of effective preventive measures. Preventive measures for urolithiasis are primarily based on lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy. Current evidence supports the paradigm that the human microbiome constitutes a full-fledged organ, as changes in its qualitative and quantitative composition in different loci can have a significant impact on metabolism and immunity. Modern scientific research has established the mechanisms through which certain components of the urinary microbiome can both inhibit and stimulate lithogenesis. Studies have shown that the urinary tract microbiome of healthy people is dominated by commensal bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, which maintain microenvironmental homeostasis. Patients with urolithiasis have a significantly reduced diversity of the intestinal and urinary microbiomes, as well as changes in single taxa community levels. Studying the urinary and intestinal microbiome establishes a bridgehead for the development of new approaches to urolithiasis prevention. This article presents data on the relationship between the urinary microbiome and urolithiasis, and describes prospects for developing a new approach to its treatment and prevention.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.