medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2025-345medsovet-9618Research ArticleШКОЛА ПЕДИАТРАPEDIATRICIAN SCHOOLПочему педиатру необходимо знать о нейрофизиологических основах левшества и леворукости у детейWhy a pediatrician needs to know about the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying left-sidedness and left-handedness in childrenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598ЗахароваИ. Н.ZakharovaI. N.

Захарова Ирина Николаевна, д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского

125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1

Irina N. Zakharova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky

2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993

zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-0335-0704ЧуриловаВ. Д.ChurilovaV. D.

Чурилова Виктория Дмитриевна, аспирант кафедры педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского

125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1

Viktoriya D. Churilova, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky

2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993

vika.churilova.2020@yandex.ruРоссийская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образованияРоссияRussian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationRussian Federation202501122025019304–312Copyright © Захарова И.Н., Чурилова В.Д., 20252025Захарова И.Н., Чурилова В.Д.Zakharova I.N., Churilova V.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9618

Левшество является характеристикой индивидуально-типологических особенностей человека. Леворукость рассматривается в качестве явного признака функциональной асимметрии мозга, определяющей специфичность когнитивных особенностей ребенка. Археологические находки свидетельствуют о существовании леворукости среди эволюционных предшественников людей, живших более миллиона лет назад. Данный факт дает основания полагать, что персистенцию леворукости, как признака асимметрии, поддерживают на определенном уровне эволюционные механизмы, что способствует устойчивости и адаптивности вида. Исторические данные свидетельствуют о высокой степени укоренившейся в общественном сознании стигматизации леворукости. Фундаментальные научные исследования позволили искоренить существовавшую порочную практику «исправления» леворуких детей. С пробуждением научного интереса к нейрофизиологии появился ряд гипотез и теорий, объясняющих феномен левшества. Однако единого общепринятого взгляда на данное явление не существует. Согласно современным представлениям, левшество рассматривается в качестве проявления функциональной асимметрии работы головного мозга. Асимметрия – явление, обнаруживаемое на различных уровнях и имеющее определенные формы выражения. В пренатальный период в процессе онтогенеза головного мозга обнаруживается ряд функциональных и анатомических асимметрий, что отражает динамический, многогранный процесс латерализации мозга. В статье обсуждаются возможные причины леворукости с акцентом на методы определения доминирующей руки у детей. Обнаружение феномена латерализации является важным шагом к пониманию психических особенностей и когнитивных функций детей. Представление о данных аспектах развития лежит в основе индивидуального подхода как в педагогической деятельности, так и в контексте взаимодействия врача-педиатра с пациентами и их родителями.

Left-sidedness is a characteristic of individual typological features of a person. Left-handedness can be considered as a clear marker of functional brain asymmetry, which determines the specificity of the cognitive features of a child. Archaeological evidence confirms the existence of left-handedness among early ancestors, predating modern humans and living over a million years ago. This suggests that the left-handedness, as a marker of asymmetry, persists at a certain level due to evolutionary mechanisms, which contributes to the stability and adaptability of the species. Historical data indicate a high left-handedness stigma degree ingrained in people’s heads. Fundamental scientific research allowed us to do away with an evil practice of “correcting” left-handed children. The awakened scientific interest in neurophysiology has spurred the development of numerous hypotheses and theories to explain the phenomenon of left-handedness. However, there is no single generally accepted theory of this phenomenon. According to modern concepts, left-handedness is considered a manifestation of functional asymmetry in the brain performance. Asymmetry is a phenomenon that is observed at various levels and has certain forms of expression. In the prenatal period, the ontogenesis of the brain reveals a number of functional and anatomical asymmetries, which reflects the dynamic, multifaceted process of brain lateralization. The article discusses possible causes of left-handedness with an emphasis on the method of assessing a child’s hand dominance. The discovery of the phenomenon of lateralization is a major step towards understanding the mental characteristics and cognitive functions of children. The concept of these aspects of development underlies the individual approach both in pedagogical activity and in the context of interactions between pediatricians, patients, and their parents.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.