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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2025-518</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-9726</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕРВНО-ПСИХИЧЕСКИЕ РАССТРОЙСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тревога и другие аффективные расстройства в пожилом возрасте</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anxiety and other affective disorders in the elderly</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-0573</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васенина</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasenina</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васенина Елена Евгеньевна, д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры неврологии с курсом рефлексологии и мануальной терапии</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena E. Vasenina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Neurology with a Course in Reflexology and Manual Therapy</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hel_vas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>22</issue><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>112</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Васенина Е.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васенина Е.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasenina E.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9726">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9726</self-uri><abstract><p>Здоровье лиц пожилого и старческого возраста является приоритетной проблемой современного здравоохранения. Эмоциональные расстройства, такие как тревога, депрессия, апатия, ангедония, очень часто встречаются в этом возрастном диапазоне. С одной стороны, это может быть связано с большим количеством возможных провоцирующих факторов: потеря близких, уход с работы и социальная изоляция, одиночество, большое количество заболеваний, каждое из которых может стать поводом для развития тревоги и депрессии. С другой – это не единственное объяснение столь широкой распространенности аффективных расстройств у лиц старше 60 лет. Современные исследования с использованием методов нейровизуализации демонстрируют тесную связь тревоги и депрессии с поздним дебютом с выраженностью как нейродегенеративных, так и сосудистых изменений мозга. Это позволяет предположить, что ключевой причиной развития расстройств аффективного спектра у пожилых является органическое поражение головного мозга. С учетом того, что в основе развития тревоги и депрессии в пожилом возрасте часто лежат прогрессирующие заболевания, аффективные расстройства с поздним дебютом плохо откликаются на стандартную терапию, что вынуждает врачей постоянно увеличивать дозы, комбинировать различные группы препаратов, что в итоге не только не помогает, но может и ухудшить состояние пациентов. В данном обзоре обсуждаются ключевые механизмы, посредством которых прогредиентная неврологическая патология может приводить к развитию первичных расстройств настроения и формированию патологической тревоги. Обсуждается алгоритм дифференцированной оценки пациентов пожилого возраста с появлением новых тревожных расстройств, который позволит оптимизировать подходы к выявлению первичной причины развития данных симптомов и сформировать правильную стратегию терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The health of elderly is a priority issue of modern healthcare. Emotional disorders such as anxiety, depression, apathy, and anhedonia are very common in this age range. Emotional problems are quite common in the elderly people. On the one hand, this may be due to a large number of possible factors: loss of loved ones, leaving work and social isolation, loneliness, a large number of diseases, each of which can lead to the development of anxiety and depression. However, this is not the only explanation for the high prevalence of affective disorders in people over 60 years of age. Modern studies using neuroimaging techniques demonstrate a close relationship between anxiety and depression with late onset and the severity of both neurodegenerative and vascular changes in the brain. This suggests that the key cause of affective spectrum disorders in the elderly is organic brain damage. Given that the development of anxiety and depression in old age is often based on progressive diseases, late-onset affective disorders do not respond well to standard therapy, which forces doctors to constantly increase doses and combine different groups of drugs, which in the end not only does not help, but can also worsen the condition of patients. This review discusses the key mechanisms by which progressive neurological diseases can lead to the development of primary mood disorders and the formation of pathological anxiety. An algorithm for the differentiated assessment of elderly patients with anxiety disorders de nova will be proposed, which will optimize approaches to identifying the primary cause of these symptoms and form the right therapy strategy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тревога</kwd><kwd>аффективные расстройства с поздним дебютом</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>когнитивные расстройства</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>late onset affective disorders</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>cognitive disorders</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alonso J, Liu Z, Evans-Lacko S, Sadikova E, Sampson N et al. Treatment gap for anxiety disorders is global: Results of the World Mental Health Surveys in 21 countries. 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