medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2025-533medsovet-9731Research ArticleНЕЙРОДЕГЕНЕРАТИВНЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯNEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASESДиагностический потенциал методов анализа электроэнцефалограммы при болезни АльцгеймераDiagnostic potential of electroencephalogram analysis methods in Alzheimer’s disease: A narrative reviewhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-6685-171XБойцоваД. В.BoytsovaD. V.

Бойцова Диана Владимировна, младший научный сотрудник отдела психических расстройств при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях головного мозга в научно-клиническом исследовательском центре нейропсихиатрии

115191, Москва, Загородное ш., д. 2

Diana V. Boytsova, Junior Researcher of the Department of Mental Disorders in Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Scientific and Clinical Research Center of Neuropsychiatry

2, Zagorodnoye Shosse, Moscow, 115191

 

panchishkina01@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-4214-3881ДупикA. Н.DupikA. N.

Дупик Александра Николаевна, младший научный сотрудник отдела психических расстройств при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях головного мозга в научно-клиническом исследовательском центре нейропсихиатрии

115191, Москва, Загородное ш., д. 2

Alexandra N. Dupik, Junior Researcher of the Department of Mental Disorders in Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Scientific and Clinical Research Center of Neuropsychiatry

2, Zagorodnoye Shosse, Moscow, 115191

dupik.aleksandra@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-5068-2690КривченковаЕ. В.KrivchenkovaE. V.

Кривченкова Елизавета Владимировна, лаборант-исследователь отдела шизофрении и других первично психотических расстройств в научно-клиническом исследовательском центре нейропсихиатрии

115191, Москва, Загородное ш., д. 2

.Elizaveta V. Krivchenkova, Research Assistant of the Department of Schizophrenia and Other Primary Psychotic Disorders, Scientific and Clinical Research Center of Neuropsychiatry

2, Zagorodnoye Shosse, Moscow, 115191

Krivchenkova.el@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-6343АндрющенкоА. В.AndryushchenkoA. V.

Андрющенко Алиса Владимировна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры психического здоровья, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; главный научный сотрудник отдела психических расстройств при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях головного мозга в научно-клиническом исследовательском центре нейропсихиатрии, Психиатрическая клиническая больница №1 имени Н.А. Алексеева

119991, Россия, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1,

115191, Москва, Загородное ш., д. 2

Alisa V. Andryushchenko, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Mental Health, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Chief Researcher, Department of Mental Disorders in Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Scientific and Clinical Research Center of Neuropsychiatry, Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1

1, Lenin Hills, Moscow, 119991,

2, Zagorodnoye Shosse, Moscow, 115191

alissia.va@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8381-5445ЗакуражнаяВ. И.ZakurazhnayaV. I.

Закуражная Валерия Игоревна, младший научный сотрудник отдела шизофрении и других первично психотических расстройств в научно-клиническом исследовательском центре нейропсихиатрии

115191, Москва, Загородное ш., д. 2

Valeriya I. Zakurazhnaya, Junior Researcher of the Department of Schizophrenia and Other Primary Psychotic Disorders, Scientific and Clinical Research Center of Neuropsychiatry

2, Zagorodnoye Shosse, Moscow, 115191

savva9806@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3349-5391АндреюкД. С.AndreyukD. S.

Андреюк Денис Сергеевич, к.б.н., доцент экономического факультета, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; старший научный сотрудник научно-организационного отдела в научно-клиническом исследовательском центре нейропсихиатрии, Психиатрическая клиническая больница №1 имени Н.А. Алексеева

119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1,

115191, Москва, Загородное ш., д. 2,

Denis S. Andreyuk, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor of the Faculty of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Senior Researcher of the Scientific and Organizational Department, Scientific and Clinical Research Center of Neuropsychiatry, Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1

1, Lenin Hills, Moscow, 119991,

2, Zagorodnoye Shosse, Moscow, 115191 

 

denis.s.andreyuk@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-7216КурмышевМ. В.KurmyshevM. V.

Курмышев Марат Витальевич, к.м.н., заместитель главного врача по амбулаторно-поликлинической работе

115191, Москва, Загородное ш., д. 2

Marat V. Kurmyshev, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Chief Physician for Outpatient and Polyclinic Work

2, Zagorodnoye Shosse, Moscow, 115191

5086773@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-6305КостюкГ. П.KostyukG. P.

Костюк Георгий Петрович, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой психического здоровья, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; профессор кафедры психиатрии, Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ); профессор кафедры психиатрии и психосоматики, Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет); главный врач, Психиатрическая клиническая больница №1 имени Н.А. Алексеева

119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1,

125080, Москва, Волоколамское ш., д. 11,

119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2,

115191, Москва, Загородное ш., д. 2

Georgy P. Kostyuk, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Mental Health, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Professor of the Department of Psychiatry, Russian Biotechnological University; Professor of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Chief Physician, Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1

1, Lenin Hills, Moscow, 119991, 

11, Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow, 125080, 

8, Bldg. 2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, 

2, Zagorodnoye Shosse, Moscow, 115191

kgr@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-0573ВасенинаЕ. Е.VaseninaE. E.

Васенина Елена Евгеньевна, д.м.н., доцент, главный научный сотрудник отдела психических расстройств при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях головного мозга в научно-клиническом исследовательском центре нейропсихиатрии, Психиатрическая клиническая больница №1 имени Н.А. Алексеева; профессор кафедры неврологии с курсом рефлексологии и мануальной терапии, Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования

115191, Москва, Загородное ш., д. 2,

125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1

Elena E. Vasenina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Chief Researcher, Department of Mental Disorders in Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Scientific and Clinical Research Center of Neuropsychiatry, Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1; Professor of the Department of Neurology with a Course in Reflexology and Manual Therapy, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

2, Zagorodnoye Shosse, Moscow, 115191, 

2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993

hel_vas@mail.ruПсихиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 имени Н.А. АлексееваРоссияAlekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1Russian FederationПсихиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 имени Н.А. Алексеева; Московский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияAlekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationПсихиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 имени Н.А. Алексеева; Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ); Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет);РоссияAlekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russian Biotechnological University; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian FederationПсихиатрическая клиническая больница № 1 имени Н.А. Алексеева; Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образованияРоссияAlekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationRussian Federation202511012026022152162Copyright © Бойцова Д.В., Дупик A.Н., Кривченкова Е.В., Андрющенко А.В., Закуражная В.И., Андреюк Д.С., Курмышев М.В., Костюк Г.П., Васенина Е.Е., 20262026Бойцова Д.В., Дупик A.Н., Кривченкова Е.В., Андрющенко А.В., Закуражная В.И., Андреюк Д.С., Курмышев М.В., Костюк Г.П., Васенина Е.Е.Boytsova D.V., Dupik A.N., Krivchenkova E.V., Andryushchenko A.V., Zakurazhnaya V.I., Andreyuk D.S., Kurmyshev M.V., Kostyuk G.P., Vasenina E.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9731

Электроэнцефалография обсуждается как один из из возможных инструментов для ранней диагностики и мониторинга течения болезни Альцгеймера. Проведен анализ 64 оригинальных работ (1998–2024), посвященных диагностике болезни Альцгеймера с применением спектрального и когерентного анализа электроэнцефалограммы, анализа вызванных потенциалов, а также теории графов. Было показано, что современные методы анализа электроэнцефалографических данных демонстрируют достаточно высокий потенциал для выявления нейрофизиологических маркеров болезни Альцгеймера. Так, спектральный анализ позволяет зафиксировать увеличение мощности дельтаи тета-ритмов наряду со снижением альфа-активности и индивидуальной альфа-частоты, что отражает нейродегенеративные процессы и нарушение когнитивной регуляции. Когерентный анализ указывает на дезинтеграцию функциональных связей между корковыми областями, проявляющуюся снижением когерентности в альфаи бета-диапазонах и компенсаторным повышением в медленных ритмах. Анализ вызванных потенциалов, особенно компонентов P300 и N400, свидетельствует о замедлении обработки информации и снижении эффективности когнитивных механизмов. Методы теории маломирных сетей дополняют эту картину, показывая нарушение баланса между локальной специализацией и глобальной интеграцией нейронных сетей. В свою очередь, применение алгоритмов машинного обучения на основе этих показателей открывает возможности для повышения точности диагностики, прогнозирования прогрессирования когнитивных нарушений и разработки автоматизированных систем раннего выявления болезни Альцгеймера. Таким образом, методы количественного анализа электроэнцефалограммы могут быть рассмотрены как один из возможных инструментов раннего скрининга болезни Альцгеймера, учитывая доказанные характерные паттерны мозговой активности. Однако для эффективного использования электроэнцефалограммы необходима стандартизация протоколов, унификация методов анализа и интеграция с алгоритмами машинного обучения.

This review focuses on the application of electroencephalography for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and assesses its potential as an accessible screening tool for cognitive impairment. The objective of this work is to summarize and analyze existing approaches to the application of electroencephalography methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer’s disease, as well as to identify key features of bioelectrical activity associated with cognitive impairment in AD compared to normal aging processes. The review examined 64 original studies (1998–2024) focused on the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease using electroencephalography, primarily employing spectral analysis, coherence analysis, event-related potentials, and graph theory. Data synthesis was performed using a descriptive method. Collectively, contemporary methods for analyzing electroencephalographic data demonstrate significant potential for identifying neurophysiological markers of Alzheimer’s disease. Specifically, spectral analysis reveals an increase in delta and theta rhythm power alongside a decrease in alpha activity and individual alpha frequency, reflecting neurodegenerative processes and impaired cognitive regulation. Coherence analysis indicates a disintegration of functional connections between cortical regions, manifested as reduced coherence in the alpha and beta bands and a compensatory increase in slow rhythms. Event-related potential analysis, particularly of the P300 and N400 components, points to slowed information processing and reduced efficiency of cognitive mechanisms. Graph theory methods, specifically small-world network analysis, complement this picture by demonstrating a disrupted balance between local specialization and global integration of neural networks. In turn, the application of machine learning algorithms based on these metrics opens avenues for enhancing diagnostic accuracy, predicting the progression of cognitive impairment, and developing automated systems for the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease. Quantitative electroencephalography analysis methods hold considerable promise for the early screening of Alzheimer’s disease by revealing characteristic patterns of brain activity. But for the effective utilization of EEG, the standardization of recording protocols, unification of analytical methods, and integration with machine learning algorithms are essential.

электроэнцефалографияболезнь Альцгеймераспектральный анализкогерентный анализвызванные потенциалыкогнитивные расстройствадиагностикаметоды анализа данныхelectroencephalographyAlzheimer’s diseasecognitive impairmentspectral analysiscoherence analysiseventrelated potentialsdiagnosticsdata analysis methodsРабота выполнена при поддержке государственного задания по теме «Нейрокогнитивный тренинг в структуре медицинской реабилитации пациентов с нейродегенеративными когнитивными нарушениями разной степени выраженности», №ЕГИСУ НИОКТР 123031600063-1This work was supported by the state contract “Neurocognitive training in the structure of medical rehabilitation of patients with neurodegenerative cognitive impairments of varying severity”, No. EGISU NIOKTR 123031600063-1ReferencesKamatham PT, Shukla R, Khatri DK, Vora LK. Pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease: Breaking the memory barrier. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.