medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2025-559medsovet-9763Research ArticleЭНДОКРИНОЛОГИЯENDOCRINOLOGYПредиабет – окно возможностей для профилактических вмешательств. Часть 2Prediabetes is a window of opportunity for preventive interventions. Part 2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3763-8994АдашеваТ. В.AdashevaT. V.

Адашева Татьяна Владимировна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры терапии и профилактической медицины

127006, Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4

Tatiana V. Adasheva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Therapy and Preventive Medicine

4, Dolgorukovskaya St., Moscow, 127006

adashtv@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-4149-9497ГубернатороваЕ. Е.GubernatorovaE. E.

Губернаторова Екатерина Евгеньевна, к.м.н., ассистент кафедры терапии и профилактической медицины

127006, Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4

Ekaterina E. Gubernatorova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Therapy and Preventive Medicine

4, Dolgorukovskaya St., Moscow, 127006

creativeone@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-9986-243XФоминаЕ. И.FominaE. I.

Фомина Елизавета Игоревна, врач-терапевт участковый

127572, Москва, ул. Абрамцевская, д. 16, стр. 1

Elizaveta I. Fomina, Therapist

16, Bldg. 1, Abramtsevskaya St., Moscow, 127572

fomina.elizaveta.i@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3426-1853ЛобановаЕ. Г.LobanovaE. G.

Лобанова Елена Георгиевна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры фармакологии

127006, Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4

Elena G. Lobanova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Pharmocology

4, Dolgorukovskaya St., Moscow, 127006

e.g.lobanova@mail.ruРоссийский университет медицины (РосУниМед)РоссияRussian University of Medicine (ROSUNIMED)Russian FederationДиагностический центр № 5 с поликлиническим отделениемРоссияDiagnostic Center No. 5 with Polyclinic DepartmentRussian Federation202522012026023123132Copyright © Адашева Т.В., Губернаторова Е.Е., Фомина Е.И., Лобанова Е.Г., 20262026Адашева Т.В., Губернаторова Е.Е., Фомина Е.И., Лобанова Е.Г.Adasheva T.V., Gubernatorova E.E., Fomina E.I., Lobanova E.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9763

Ранние нарушения углеводного обмена ввиду высокой распространенности являются актуальной клинической проблемой. Во многих исследованиях отмечается низкая осведомленность врачей первичного звена о критериях диагностики и подходах к терапии предиабета. Однако именно на данном этапе начинают формироваться изменения со стороны различных органов и систем, характерные для гипергликемии. Ранняя диагностика и начало терапии позволят улучшить качество жизни, предупредить осложнения, отсрочить или предотвратить развитие сахарного диабета. Цель обзора – представить современные данные по диагностике и лечению предиабета. Критерии нарушений углеводного обмена были описаны в 1970–80-х гг., но до сих пор нет универсального подхода к диагностике предиабета. Остается целый ряд дискуссионных вопросов: является ли это состояние действительно стадией развития диабета, какой метод диагностики выбрать, достаточно ли модификации образа жизни или необходимо начинать медикаментозную терапию и какой метод выбрать. Было проанализировано 37 статей, включающих данные рандомизированных контролируемых исследований (РКИ) и методических рекомендаций 2024 г. В арсенале современного врача есть возможность лекарственной профилактики сахарного диабета 2-го типа с помощью препарата Субетта. Это биологический препарат, созданный на основе аффинно очищенных антител к С-концевому фрагменту β-субъединицы рецептора инсулина и к эндотелиальной NO-синтазе. Он обладает плейотропным механизмом действия: повышает чувствительность клеток к инсулину, обеспечивая гипогликемическое действие препарата. Требуется дальнейшее информирование врачей различных специальностей о рисках патологии различных органов и систем на стадии предиабета, внедрение активных алгоритмов скрининга и терапии.

Early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, due to their high prevalence, are an urgent clinical problem. Many studies indicate a low awareness of primary care physicians about the criteria for diagnosis and approaches to the treatment of prediabetes. However, it is at the stage of prediabetes that changes in various organs and systems characteristic of hyperglycemia begin to form. Early diagnosis and initiation of therapy will improve the quality of life, prevent complications, delay or prevent the development of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the review is to provide up–to-date data on the diagnosis and treatment of prediabetes. The criteria for disorders of carbohydrate metabolism were described in the 1970s–80s, but a universal approach to diagnosing prediabetes is still lacking. A number of contentious issues remain: whether this condition is truly a stage in the development of diabetes, which diagnostic method to choose, whether lifestyle modifications are sufficient or if drug therapy should be initiated, and which therapeutic method to select. A total of 37 articles were analyzed, including data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 2024 guidelines. The modern physician’s toolkit includes the possibility of pharmacological prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus using the drug Subetta. This biological agent is created based on affinity-purified antibodies to the C-terminal fragment of the insulin receptor β-subunit and to endothelial NO-synthase. It has a pleiotropic mechanism of action: it increases cell sensitivity to insulin, thereby providing the drug’s hypoglycemic effect. Further information is needed for physicians about various specialties, the risks of developing various organs and systems at the prediabetic stage, and the introduction of active screening and therapy methods.

 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.