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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2025-549</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-9770</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GYNECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Репродуктивный опыт и риск задержки роста или малого для гестационного срока плода</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reproductive experience and risk of growth restriction or small for gestational age fetus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6109-7331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новикова Владислава Александровна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии Медицинского института, Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы; врач – акушер-гинеколог, ООО «Эйч-клиник»</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6,</p><p>127083, Москва, ул. 8 Марта, д. 6а, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislava A. Novikova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with a Course in Perinatology, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba; ObstetricianGynecologist, H-Clinic LLC</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198,</p><p>6A, Bldg. 1, 8 Marta St., Moscow, 127083</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladislavan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7296-4584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиядинов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ziyadinov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зиядинов Арсен Аблямитович, к.м.н., доцент кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии №1 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Медицинского института имени С.И. Георгиевского, Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского; 295007, Россия, Республика Крым, Симферополь, проспект академика Вернадского, д. 4; врач – акушер-гинеколог перинатального центра, Республиканская клиническая больница имени Н.А. Семашко</p><p>295007, Республика Крым, Симферополь, проспект академика Вернадского, д. 4,</p><p>295017, Республика Крым, Симферополь, ул. Киевская, д. 69</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arsen A. Ziyadinov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology No. 1, Order of the Red Banner of Labour Medical Institute named after S.I. Georgievsky, Vernadsky Crimean Federal University; Obstetrician-Gynecologist of the Perinatal Medical Center, Semashko Republican Clinical Hospital</p><p>4, Academician Vernadsky Ave., Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, 295007,</p><p>69, Kiyevskaya St., Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, 295017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ars-en@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2612-7339</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матейкович</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mateikovich</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Матейкович Елена Александровна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии лечебного факультета, Тюменский государственный медицинский университет; врач – акушер-гинеколог, Перинатальный центр</p><p>625023, Тюмень, ул. Одесская, д. 54,</p><p>625002, Тюмень, ул. Даудельная, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Mateikovich, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tyumen State Medical University; Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Perinatal Medical Center</p><p>54, Odesskaya St., Tyumen, 625023, </p><p>1, Daudelnaya St., Tyumen, 625002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lena-mat777@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3175-4847</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свиридова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sviridova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свиридова Наталья Ивановна, д.м.н., доцент, заведующая кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии Института непрерывного медицинского и фармацевтического образования</p><p>400131, Волгоград, площадь Павших Борцов, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia I. Sviridova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Continuing Medical and Pharmaceutical Education</p><p>1, Pavshikh Bortsov Square, Volgograd, 400131</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.i.sviridova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-223X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Густоварова</surname><given-names>T. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gustovarova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Густоварова Татьяна Алексеевна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования</p><p>214019, Смоленск, ул. Крупской, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Gustovarova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Continuing Professional Education</p><p>28, Krupskaya St., Smolensk, 214019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanya.prof@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы; &#13;
ООО «Эйч-клиник»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba; &#13;
H-Clinic LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканская клиническая больница имени Н.А. Семашко; &#13;
Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Semashko Republican Clinical Hospital; &#13;
Vernadsky Crimean Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный медицинский университет; &#13;
Перинатальный центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State Medical University; &#13;
Perinatal Medical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Смоленский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smolensk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>23</issue><fpage>178</fpage><lpage>187</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новикова В.А., Зиядинов А.А., Матейкович Е.А., Свиридова Н.И., Густоварова T.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новикова В.А., Зиядинов А.А., Матейкович Е.А., Свиридова Н.И., Густоварова T.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novikova V.A., Ziyadinov A.A., Mateikovich E.A., Sviridova N.I., Gustovarova T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9770">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9770</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проблема родоразрешения плодом недостаточного роста – с задержкой роста (ЗРП) или малым для гестационного возраста (МГВ) – актуальна во всем мире, и ее решение невозможно без понимания различных путей патогенеза. Материнский репродуктивный опыт рассматривается как ключевой фактор риска недостаточного роста плода (НРП), но связь с его вариантом (ЗРП или МГВ) остается недостаточно изученной.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Стратифицировать группы риска ЗРП или МГВ на основании факторов репродуктивного анамнеза.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнено проспективное когортное исследование в период 2018–2023 гг. В исследование включено 611 женщин с НРП, распределенных на две группы: с ЗРП (n = 435) и с МГВ (n = 176).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. В структуре репродуктивных потерь у пациенток с НРП доминирует неразвивающаяся беременность (НРБ). ЗРП от МГВ отличают: предстоящая первая беременность (ОШ = 6,63) или первые роды (ОШ = 3,99); репродуктивные потери в целом (ОШ = 1,49), включая НРБ (ОШ = 2,83), внематочную беременность (ВБ) (р = 0,01) и самопроизвольный выкидыш (СВ) (р = 0,007); более короткий интервал от предшествующей беременности (р &lt; 0,001) или родов (р = 0,049) до текущей беременности; большее число СВ (р = 0,006) и артифициальных абортов (АА) (р = 0,03); меньший срок репродуктивных потерь (р &lt; 0,001); меньшее число родов (р &lt; 0,001); более ранний срок родоразрешения (р &lt; 0,001) и низкая масса новорожденного (р &lt; 0,001); исключительная сопряженность с вспомогательными репродуктивными технологиями (р &lt; 0,001). ВБ и СВ – исключительные маркеры ЗРП, АА более характерны для МГВ (ОШ = 2,13). Опыт родоразрешения имеют 44,52% женщин с НРП, 60,29% из них – путем кесарева сечения, более всего среди женщин с ЗРП (ОШ = 1,68). Только женщины с ЗРП имели опыт преждевременных родов (21,84%) и родоразрешения маловесным плодом, исключительно при недоношенности. Иерархия связи многофакторного репродуктивного анамнеза с вариантом НРП подтверждена при помощи деревьев решений (классификации и регрессии).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У пациенток с НРП отсутствует репродуктивный опыт в 44,19% случаев, а его наличие носит специфический характер. В 31,42% случаев репродуктивный опыт отягощен репродуктивными потерями с абортивным исходом. Частота НРБ доминирует над АА, а частота СВ и частота ВБ сопоставимы. ЗРП от МГВ отличает более отягощенный репродуктивный анамнез, что делает ее маркером репродуктивной дисфункции. Существует иерархия связи факторов репродуктивного анамнеза с вариантом НРП, что позволяет формировать группы риска на прегестационном этапе и на ранних сроках беременности, а также адаптировать к ним диагностические и профилактические мероприятия.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The problem of birth of a fetus of insufficient growth – with fetal growth restriction (FGR) or small for gestational age (SGA) – is relevant all over the world and subject to different pathogenesis pathways. Maternal reproductive experience is considered as a key risk factor for FGR or SGA, nevertheless, leaves questions unanswered.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Stratify risk groups for FGR or SGA based on reproductive history factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A retro-prospective analytical study carried out. Period – 2016–2021. Adolescent girls and women of reproductive age with completed pregnancies included. A prospective cohort study carried out. Study period – 2018–2023. 611 women with insufficient fetal growth (IFG) were included, divided into two groups: with FGR (n = 435) and with SGA (n = 176).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. In the structure of reproductive losses of patients with IFG, non-progressive pregnancy (NPP) dominates. FGR differs from SGA by: the upcoming first pregnancy (OR = 6.63) or first birth (OR = 3.99); reproductive losses (OR = 1.49 (total), NPP (OR = 2.83), ectopic pregnancy EP (p = 0.01) and spontaneous abortion (SA) (p = 0.007); shorter interval from previous pregnancy (p &lt; 0.001) or birth (p = 0.049) to current pregnancy; higher number of SA (p = 0.006) and artificial abortions (AA) (p = 0.03); shorter period of reproductive losses (p &lt; 0.001); lower number of births (p &lt; 0.001); earlier term of delivery (p &lt; 0.001) and low birth weight (p &lt; 0.001); exclusive association with assisted reproductive technologies (p &lt; 0.001). EP and SA are exclusive markers of FGR, AA are more typical for SGA (OR = 2.13). 44.52% of women with IFG have experience of childbirth, 60.29% of them by cesarean section (CS), most of all among women with FGR (OR = 1.68). Only women with FGR had experience of premature birth (21.84%) and delivery of a low-weight fetus, exclusively in case of prematurity. The hierarchy of the relationship between multifactorial reproductive history and the variant of IFG was confirmed using decision trees (classification and regression).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Patients with IFG have no reproductive experience in 44.19%, and its presence is specific, in 31.42% it is burdened with reproductive losses. FGR differs from SGA in a more burdened reproductive history, which represents it as a marker of reproductive dysfunction. There is a hierarchy of relationships between reproductive history factors and the variant of IFG, which allows forming risk groups at the pregestational stage and early pregnancy, adapting diagnostic and preventive measures to them.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>репродуктивный анамнез</kwd><kwd>репродуктивные потери</kwd><kwd>задержка роста плода</kwd><kwd>малый для гестационного срока плод</kwd><kwd>низкая масса тела при рождении</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reproductive history</kwd><kwd>reproductive losses</kwd><kwd>fetal growth restriction</kwd><kwd>small for gestational age fetus</kwd><kwd>low birth weight</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ходжаева ЗС, Шмаков РГ, Ярыгина ТА, Холин АМ, Долгушина НВ, Кан НЕ и др. 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