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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2025-540</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-9775</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Локализованная склеродермия: этиология, патогенез, клинические проявления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Localized scleroderma: Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0837-822X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Або Хадиджех</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abo Khadeejeh</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Або Хадиджех Мохаммед Билалович, аспирант кафедры дерматовенерологии, аллергологии и косметологии</p><p>17198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mohammed B. Abo Khadeejeh, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Dermatovenereology, Allergology and Cosmetology</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7794-489X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каткова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katkova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каткова Ксения Васильевна, младший научный сотрудник, Центр теоретических проблем физико-химической фармакологии Российской академии наук; врач-дерматолог, Московский научно-практический центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии</p><p>109029, Москва, ул. Средняя Калитниковская, д. 30,</p><p>119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia V. Katkova, Junior Research Fellow, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Dermatologist, Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology of Moscow Health Department</p><p>30, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya St., Moscow, 109029, </p><p>17, Leninskiy Ave., Moscow, 119071</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gladyshevak@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2027-5987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сакания</surname><given-names>Л. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakaniya</surname><given-names>L. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сакания Луиза Руслановна, к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник</p><p>109029, Москва, ул. Средняя Калитниковская, д. 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Luiza R. Sakaniya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher</p><p>30, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya St., Moscow, 109029</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sakania.luiz@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-9635</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Невозинская</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nevozinskaya</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Невозинская Зофия Анатольевна, к.м.н., врач-дерматовенеролог</p><p>119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zofia A. Nevozinskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Dermatovenerologist</p><p>17, Leninskiy Ave., Moscow, 119071</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nezosia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-6573</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жукова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жукова Ольга Валентиновна, д.м.н., профессор, главный врач Московского научно-практического центра дерматовенерологии и косметологии; заведующая кафедрой кожных и венерических болезней, Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы;</p><p>119071, Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 17,</p><p>17198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Zhukova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief Physician of Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology; Head of the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</p><p>17, Leninskiy Ave., Moscow, 119071,</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klinderma@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6583-0318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корсунская</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korsunskaya</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корсунская Ирина Марковна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующая лабораторией</p><p>109029, Москва, ул. Средняя Калитниковская, д. 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina M. Korsunskaya, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory</p><p>30, Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya St., Moscow, 109029</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marykor@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр теоретических проблем физико-химической фармакологии Российской академии наук;&#13;
Московский научно-практический центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; &#13;
Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр теоретических проблем физико-химической фармакологии Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский научно-практический центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы;&#13;
Московский научно-практический центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba; &#13;
Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>23</issue><fpage>241</fpage><lpage>247</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Або Хадиджех М.Б., Каткова К.В., Сакания Л.Р., Невозинская З.А., Жукова О.В., Корсунская И.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Або Хадиджех М.Б., Каткова К.В., Сакания Л.Р., Невозинская З.А., Жукова О.В., Корсунская И.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abo Khadeejeh M.B., Katkova K.V., Sakaniya L.R., Nevozinskaya Z.A., Zhukova O.V., Korsunskaya I.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9775">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9775</self-uri><abstract><p>Локализованная склеродермия (ЛС) – хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание соединительной ткани, характеризующееся очаговым фиброзом кожи и подкожных тканей. Актуальность углубленного изучения этиологических факторов и патогенетических механизмов развития ЛС определяется необходимостью выявления новых биомаркеров заболевания, позволяющих осуществлять раннюю диагностику и прогнозировать течение патологического процесса. Особый научный интерес представляет исследование роли генетической предрасположенности, факторов окружающей среды и инфекционных агентов в инициации аутоиммунного ответа, а также изучение молекулярных механизмов активации фиброзообразования. Современные данные свидетельствуют о существенном клиническом полиморфизме ЛС, что создает значительные диагностические трудности и требует совершенствования классификационных подходов. В статье представлен обзор современной литературы по этиологии, патогенезу, клиническим формам локализованной склеродермии. Рассматривается мультифакторная природа заболевания, включающая генетическую предрасположенность (полиморфизмы генов HLADRB1*04:04, STAT4, IRF5), воздействие инфекционных агентов (Borrelia burgdorferi, вирусы герпеса) и влияние экзогенных факторов (механическая травма, ионизирующее излучение, химические вещества). Патогенетический раздел освещает три ключевых аспекта развития ЛС: аутоиммунное воспаление с преобладанием Th2-лимфоцитарного ответа и гиперпродукцией IL-4, IL-6, IL-13; сосудистые нарушения, проявляющиеся апоптозом эндотелиоцитов и микротромбозами; активацию фиброгенеза через TGF-β/Smad-сигнальный путь с последующим избыточным отложением коллагена I типа. В клинической части представлена детализированная классификация форм ЛС с описанием их диагностических критериев: бляшечной, линейной (включая вариант «удар саблей»), буллезной, глубокой, генерализованной, пансклеротической и смешанной. Склероатрофический лихен (САЛ) остается предметом дискуссий в дерматологии ввиду неоднозначности его классификации и патогенеза. Результаты систематического анализа литературы свидетельствуют о существовании трех основных концепций, объясняющих патогенез САЛ: как системного аутоиммунного заболевания, локальной формы склеродермии или варианта буллезного дерматоза. Показано, что иммуногистохимические и молекулярно-генетические исследования последних лет выявили значительную гетерогенность САЛ, что требует пересмотра существующих классификаций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Localized scleroderma (LS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the connective tissue characterized by focal fibrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The urgency for in-depth study of the etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of development of LS is determined by the need to identify new biomarkers of the disease that will enable the disease to be diagnosed and the pathological process to be predicted at an early stage. Investigating the role of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and infectious agents in initiating the autoimmune response, as well as exploring molecular mechanisms of activation of fibrosis formation is of particular scientific interest. Current data indicate significant clinical polymorphism of LS, which creates essential diagnostic challenges and requires improvement of classification approaches. This article presents a review of the current literature on the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical forms of localized scleroderma. It discusses the multifactorial nature of the disease, including genetic predisposition (polymorphisms located in HLA-DRB1*04:04, STAT4, and IRF5), exposure to infectious agents (Borrelia burgdorferi, herpes viruses), and the influence of exogenous factors (mechanical trauma, ionizing radiation, and chemicals). The pathogenetic section provides coverage of three key aspects of LS development: autoimmune inflammation with a predominant Th2 lymphocyte response and hyperproduction of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-13; vascular disorders manifested by endothelial cell apoptosis and microthrombosis; and activation of fibrogenesis through the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway followed by excessive deposition of type I collagen. The clinical section presents a detailed classification of LS forms and description of their diagnostic criteria: plaque, linear (including “en coup de sabre” variant), bullous, deep, generalized, pansclerotic, and mixed LS. Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LS &amp; A) remains a point of contention among dermatologists due to the ambiguity of its classification and pathogenesis. Results of the systematic literature review indicate the existence of three main concepts explaining the pathogenesis of LS: systemic autoimmune disease, localized scleroderma, or bullous dermatosis variant. In recent years, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic studies have been shown to reveal significant heterogeneity in LS, which requires a revision of existing classifications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>локализованная склеродермия</kwd><kwd>ограниченная склеродермия</kwd><kwd>морфеа</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунное заболевание</kwd><kwd>этиопатогенез</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>localized scleroderma</kwd><kwd>limited scleroderma</kwd><kwd>morphea</kwd><kwd>autoimmune disease</kwd><kwd>etiopathogenesis</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wermuth PJ, Jimenez SA. The significance of macrophage polarization subtypes for animal models of tissue fibrosis and human fibrotic diseases. 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