<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/2079-701X-2013-4-30-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-981</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕРВНО-ПСИХИЧЕСКИЕ РАССТРОЙСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Когнитивные нарушения при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cognitive impairment of neurodegenerative diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вахнина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vakhnina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M.Sechenov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захаров В.В., Вахнина Н.В., 2013</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захаров В.В., Вахнина Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharov V.V., Vakhnina N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/981">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/981</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре представлены современные российские и международные данные о распространенности, генетических и средовых факторах риска, патогенезе, клинике, диагностике и лечении нейродегенеративных заболеваний с когнитивными нарушениями. Среди них наиболее распространенными являются болезнь Альцгеймера (БА), деменция с тельцами Леви (ДТЛ) и лобновисочная дегенерация (ЛВД). В этиологии этих болезней основную роль играет генетическая предрасположенность при определенном влиянии внешне-средовых факторов. Изучается также роль нарушений метаболизма церебральных белков в патогенезе нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Клиническая картина при БА и ЛВД представлена различными когнитивными расстройствами, при ДТЛ – когнитивными расстройствами в сочетании с двигательными и ранними психотическими нарушениями. В диагностике все большее значение приобретают два вида нейровизуализации, структурная и функциональная, которые позволяют установить точный диагноз на самых ранних стадиях. В лечении БА и ДТЛ используют мемантин и ингибиторы ацетилхолинэстеразы, а при ЛВД – серотонинергические препараты.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The overview is based on modern Russian and global data on the prevalence, genetic and environmental risk factors, pathogenesis, disease pattern, diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases with cognitive impairment. Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) are the most widespread.   The etiology of the diseases is largely determined by genetic predisposition and the impact of external environmental factors. The role of impaired metabolism of cerebral proteins in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is also highlighted. Disease patters of AD and FTD are characterized by cognitive disorders, while LBD is associated with cognitive disorders in combination with movement and early psychotic disorders. Two types of brain imaging - structural and functional - are becoming increasingly relevant in diagnostics, as they help to get an accurate diagnosis in the early stages. Memantine and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are prescribed for the treatment of AD and DLB; for FTD, serotonergic drugs are indicated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>деменция с тельцами Леви</kwd><kwd>лобно-височная дегенерация</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>dementia with Lewy bodies</kwd><kwd>frontotemporal degeneration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яхно Н.Н., Преображенская И.С., Захаров В.В., Степкина Д.А., Локшина А.В., Мхитарян Э.А., Коберская Н.Н., Савушкина И.Ю. Распространенность когнитивных нарушений при неврологических заболеваниях (анализ работы специализированного амбулаторного приема) // Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. – 2012. №. 2. – С. 30–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яхно Н.Н., Преображенская И.С., Захаров В.В., Степкина Д.А., Локшина А.В., Мхитарян Э.А., Коберская Н.Н., Савушкина И.Ю. Распространенность когнитивных нарушений при неврологических заболеваниях (анализ работы специализированного амбулаторного приема) // Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. – 2012. №. 2. – С. 30–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суханов А.В., Короленко Ц.П., Виноградова Т.Е. и соавт. Молекулярно-генетические факторы риска болезни Альцгеймера //Журн. Неврологии и психиатрии. – 2001. –Т. 101. №1. – С. 65–68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Суханов А.В., Короленко Ц.П., Виноградова Т.Е. и соавт. Молекулярно-генетические факторы риска болезни Альцгеймера //Журн. Неврологии и психиатрии. – 2001. –Т. 101. №1. – С. 65–68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hardy J. Towards Alzheimer’s therapy based on genetic knowledge //Annu Rev Med. – 2004. – V. 55. – P. 15–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hardy J. Towards Alzheimer’s therapy based on genetic knowledge //Annu Rev Med. – 2004. – V. 55. – P. 15–25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дамулин И.В. Болезнь Альцгеймера и сосудистая деменция //Под ред. Н.Н. Яхно. – М., 2002. – С. 85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дамулин И.В. Болезнь Альцгеймера и сосудистая деменция //Под ред. Н.Н. Яхно. – М., 2002. – С. 85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hendrie H.C. Epidemiology of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease //J Am Psych. –1998. – V. 6. – PS3–S18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hendrie H.C. Epidemiology of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease //J Am Psych. –1998. – V. 6. – PS3–S18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kivipelto M., Helkala E.L., Laakso M. et al. Middle life vascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease in later life: longitudinal population based study //Br Med J. – 2001. – V. 322. – P. 1447–1451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kivipelto M., Helkala E.L., Laakso M. et al. Middle life vascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease in later life: longitudinal population based study //Br Med J. – 2001. – V. 322. – P. 1447–1451.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morris J.H. Alzheimer’s disease //In: Neuropathology of dementia. Ed by M.M.Esiri, J.C.Morris. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. – 1997. – P. 70–121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morris J.H. Alzheimer’s disease //In: Neuropathology of dementia. Ed by M.M.Esiri, J.C.Morris. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. – 1997. – P. 70–121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whitehouse P., Maurer K., Ballenger J.F. Concepts of Alzheimer’s disease: biological, clinical and cultural perspectives //John Hopkins University Press. – 1999. – P. 5–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whitehouse P., Maurer K., Ballenger J.F. Concepts of Alzheimer’s disease: biological, clinical and cultural perspectives //John Hopkins University Press. – 1999. – P. 5–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iqbal K., B. Winblad, T. Nishumura, N. Takeda, H. Wishewski (eds). Alzheimer’s disease: biology, diagnosis and therapeutics //J. Willey and sons ltd. – 1997. – Р. 831.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iqbal K., B. Winblad, T. Nishumura, N. Takeda, H. Wishewski (eds). Alzheimer’s disease: biology, diagnosis and therapeutics //J. Willey and sons ltd. – 1997. – Р. 831.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aisen P.S. The development of anti-amiloid therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: from secretase modulators to polymerization inhibitors // CNS Drugs. – 2005. – V. 19. – P. 989–996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aisen P.S. The development of anti-amiloid therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: from secretase modulators to polymerization inhibitors // CNS Drugs. – 2005. – V. 19. – P. 989–996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braak H., Braak E. Pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. //In: “Neurodegenerative diseases”. Calne E.D. (ed.). –Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. – 1994. – P. 585–613.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braak H., Braak E. Pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. //In: “Neurodegenerative diseases”. Calne E.D. (ed.). –Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. – 1994. – P. 585–613.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jellinger K.A. Neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease //J Neural Neurotrasm. –1998. –V.53 (suppl.). – P. 97–118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jellinger K.A. Neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease //J Neural Neurotrasm. –1998. –V.53 (suppl.). – P. 97–118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopez O.L., Becker J.T. Pattern of progression in Alzheimer’s disease //In: dementia and cognitive impairment. Eds Vellas B. et al. Facts and research in gerontology. –1994 (suppl). – P. 53–63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopez O.L., Becker J.T. Pattern of progression in Alzheimer’s disease //In: dementia and cognitive impairment. Eds Vellas B. et al. Facts and research in gerontology. –1994 (suppl). – P. 53–63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendez M., Cummings J. Dementia: a clinical approach // Philadelphia: Elsevier Science. – 2003. – P. 179–234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendez M., Cummings J. Dementia: a clinical approach // Philadelphia: Elsevier Science. – 2003. – P. 179–234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morris R., Becker J. Cognitive neuropsychology of Alzheimer’s disease. //Oxford: “Oxford University press”. – 1996. – 421 P.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morris R., Becker J. Cognitive neuropsychology of Alzheimer’s disease. //Oxford: “Oxford University press”. – 1996. – 421 P.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grober E., H. Bushke, H. Crystal et al. Screening for dementia by memory testing. //Neurology. –1988. – V. 38. – P. 900 –903.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grober E., H. Bushke, H. Crystal et al. Screening for dementia by memory testing. //Neurology. –1988. – V. 38. – P. 900 –903.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubois B., Feldman H.H., Jacova C. et al. Research criteria of the diagnosis of the Alzheimer’s disease: revising the NINCDSADRDRA criteria //Lancet Neurology. – 2007. – V. 6. – №8. – P. 734–747.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubois B., Feldman H.H., Jacova C. et al. Research criteria of the diagnosis of the Alzheimer’s disease: revising the NINCDSADRDRA criteria //Lancet Neurology. – 2007. – V. 6. – №8. – P. 734–747.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Успенская О.В., Яхно Н.Н. Влияние мемантина на когнитивные функции пациентов с амнестическим вариантом синдрома умеренных когнитвиных расстройств (клинико-психологическое и нейрохимическое исследование. // Неврологический журнал. – 2009. – Т. 14. – №.3. – С. 37–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Успенская О.В., Яхно Н.Н. Влияние мемантина на когнитивные функции пациентов с амнестическим вариантом синдрома умеренных когнитвиных расстройств (клинико-психологическое и нейрохимическое исследование. // Неврологический журнал. – 2009. – Т. 14. – №.3. – С. 37–40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дамулин И.В., Левин О.С., Яхно Н.Н. Болезнь Альцгеймера: Клинико-МРТ исследование //Неврологический журнал. – 1999. – Т. 4. – №6. – С. 51–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дамулин И.В., Левин О.С., Яхно Н.Н. Болезнь Альцгеймера: Клинико-МРТ исследование //Неврологический журнал. – 1999. – Т. 4. – №6. – С. 51–56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kosaka K., Yoshmura M., Ikeda K. et al. Diffuse type of Lewy bodies disease: Progressive dementia with abundant cortical Lewy bodies and senile changes of various degree – a new disease? //Clin Neuropathol. – 1984. – Vol. 3. – P. 185–192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kosaka K., Yoshmura M., Ikeda K. et al. Diffuse type of Lewy bodies disease: Progressive dementia with abundant cortical Lewy bodies and senile changes of various degree – a new disease? //Clin Neuropathol. – 1984. – Vol. 3. – P. 185–192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Болезнь диффузных телец Леви (деменция с тельцами Леви) // В кн.: Экстрапирамидные расстройства: Руководство по диагностике и лечению /Под ред. В.Н. Штока, И.А. Ивановой-Смоленской, О.С. Левина. – М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2002. – С. 233–256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Болезнь диффузных телец Леви (деменция с тельцами Леви) // В кн.: Экстрапирамидные расстройства: Руководство по диагностике и лечению /Под ред. В.Н. Штока, И.А. Ивановой-Смоленской, О.С. Левина. – М.: МЕДпресс-информ, 2002. – С. 233–256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яхно Н.Н., Преображенская И.С. Деменция с тельцами Леви // Неврол. Журн. – 2003. – №6. – С. 4–12. Полный список литературы вы можете запросить в редакции.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яхно Н.Н., Преображенская И.С. Деменция с тельцами Леви // Неврол. Журн. – 2003. – №6. – С. 4–12. Полный список литературы вы можете запросить в редакции.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perry P., McKeith I., Perry E. Dementia with Lewy bodies. Clinical, pathological and treatment issues. // -Cambridge. -1995. -510 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perry P., McKeith I., Perry E. Dementia with Lewy bodies. Clinical, pathological and treatment issues. // -Cambridge. -1995. -510 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Преображенская И.С. Когнитивные нарушения при деменции с тельцами Леви. // Неврол. Журн.-2006.-Прил.№1.-С.19-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Преображенская И.С. Когнитивные нарушения при деменции с тельцами Леви. // Неврол. Журн.-2006.-Прил.№1.-С.19-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopez OL; Hamilton RL; Becker JT et al. Severity of cognitive impairment and the clinical diagnosis of AD with Lewy bodies. // Neurology,2000, Vol. 54, N9:1113-1123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopez OL; Hamilton RL; Becker JT et al. Severity of cognitive impairment and the clinical diagnosis of AD with Lewy bodies. // Neurology,2000, Vol. 54, N9:1113-1123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karla S., Bergeron C., Lang A.E. Lewy bodies disease and dementia. A review. // Arch Intern Med. -1996. -Vol.3. -P.487-493.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karla S., Bergeron C., Lang A.E. Lewy bodies disease and dementia. A review. // Arch Intern Med. -1996. -Vol.3. -P.487-493.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doubleday E.S., Snowden J.S, Warma A.R. et al. Qualitative performance charactetistics differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. – 2002.- Vol 72 – P 602-607.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doubleday E.S., Snowden J.S, Warma A.R. et al. Qualitative performance charactetistics differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease // J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. – 2002.- Vol 72 – P 602-607.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lennox G.G. Lowe J.S. Dementia with Lewy bodies / In: Bailliere’s Clinical Neurology.-1997.-Vol.6.-P.147-165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lennox G.G. Lowe J.S. Dementia with Lewy bodies / In: Bailliere’s Clinical Neurology.-1997.-Vol.6.-P.147-165.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quinn N.P. Parkinsonism – recognition and differential diagnosis// BMJ – 1995 – Vol 310 – P 447-452.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quinn N.P. Parkinsonism – recognition and differential diagnosis// BMJ – 1995 – Vol 310 – P 447-452.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lippa C.F., O'Connel B. Dementia with parkinsonism: Alzheimer's disease or Lewy bodies disease? // Neurology. -1997. -Vol.48. -P.A142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lippa C.F., O'Connel B. Dementia with parkinsonism: Alzheimer's disease or Lewy bodies disease? // Neurology. -1997. -Vol.48. -P.A142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litvan I. Parkinsonism-dementia syndromes / In: J.Jankovic, E.Tolosa (Eds). Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders.-Williams Wilkins, 1998.-P. 819-836.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvan I. Parkinsonism-dementia syndromes / In: J.Jankovic, E.Tolosa (Eds). Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders.-Williams Wilkins, 1998.-P. 819-836.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ballard C., McKeith, Yarrison R. et al. A detaieled phenomenological comparison of complex visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. // Int Psychogeriatr. -1997. -Vol.9, N 4. -P.381`-388.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ballard C., McKeith, Yarrison R. et al. A detaieled phenomenological comparison of complex visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. // Int Psychogeriatr. -1997. -Vol.9, N 4. -P.381`-388.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morris S., Olichney J., Corey-Bloom J. Psychosis in dementia with Lewy bodies // Semin. Clin. Neuropsychiatry.-1998.-Vol. 3-P.51-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morris S., Olichney J., Corey-Bloom J. Psychosis in dementia with Lewy bodies // Semin. Clin. Neuropsychiatry.-1998.-Vol. 3-P.51-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин О.С. Диагностика и лечение деменции с тельцами Леви. //Consilium medicum. -2006. –Т.08.N -8. –C.56-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Левин О.С. Диагностика и лечение деменции с тельцами Леви. //Consilium medicum. -2006. –Т.08.N -8. –C.56-59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hansen L.A., Samuel W. Criteria for Alzheimer's disease and the nosology of dementia with Lewy bodies //Neurology. -1997. -Vol.48. -P.126-132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hansen L.A., Samuel W. Criteria for Alzheimer's disease and the nosology of dementia with Lewy bodies //Neurology. -1997. -Vol.48. -P.126-132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McKeith I.G., Galasko D., Kosaka K. et al. Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies // Neurology,1996, Vol. 47, N5:1113-1123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McKeith I.G., Galasko D., Kosaka K. et al. Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies // Neurology,1996, Vol. 47, N5:1113-1123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurtz A.F. Uncommon degenerative causes of dementia. // Int Psychoger. –2005. –V.17. –Suppl. 1. –P.35-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurtz A.F. Uncommon degenerative causes of dementia. // Int Psychoger. –2005. –V.17. –Suppl. 1. –P.35-49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ratnavalli E., Brayne C., Dawson K., Hodges J.R. The prevalence of fronto-temporal dementia. // Neurology. –2002. –V.58. –P.1615-1621.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ratnavalli E., Brayne C., Dawson K., Hodges J.R. The prevalence of fronto-temporal dementia. // Neurology. –2002. –V.58. –P.1615-1621.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lovestone S., Philpot M., Connell J. et al Genetics, molecular biology, neuropathology and phenotype of frontal lobe dementia. // Br J Psych. -2002. –V.180. –P.455-460.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lovestone S., Philpot M., Connell J. et al Genetics, molecular biology, neuropathology and phenotype of frontal lobe dementia. // Br J Psych. -2002. –V.180. –P.455-460.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дамулин И.В., Павлова А.И. Деменция лобного типа / Неврол. журнал. – 1997. - №1.- С. 37-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дамулин И.В., Павлова А.И. Деменция лобного типа / Неврол. журнал. – 1997. - №1.- С. 37-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hodges J. R. Frontotemporal dementia (Pick’s disease): Clinical features and assessment. // Neurology. -2001. –V.56. -S6-S10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hodges J. R. Frontotemporal dementia (Pick’s disease): Clinical features and assessment. // Neurology. -2001. –V.56. -S6-S10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grossman M. Progressive aphasic syndromes: clinical and theoretical advances. //Curr Opin Neurol. –2002. –V.15. –P.409-413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grossman M. Progressive aphasic syndromes: clinical and theoretical advances. //Curr Opin Neurol. –2002. –V.15. –P.409-413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neary D., Snowden J., Mann D. Familial progressive aphasia: its relationship to other forms of lobar atrophy. //J Neurol Neurosurg Psych. –1993. –V.56. –P.1122-1125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neary D., Snowden J., Mann D. Familial progressive aphasia: its relationship to other forms of lobar atrophy. //J Neurol Neurosurg Psych. –1993. –V.56. –P.1122-1125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosen H.J., Allison S.C., Ogar J.M. Behavioral features in semantic dementia versus other forms of progressive aphasias. //Neurology. –2006. –v.67. –N.10. –P.1752-1756.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosen H.J., Allison S.C., Ogar J.M. Behavioral features in semantic dementia versus other forms of progressive aphasias. //Neurology. –2006. –v.67. –N.10. –P.1752-1756.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яхно Н.Н., Головкова М.С., Преображенская И.С., Захаров В.В. Синдром БАС-деменция лобного типа. //Неврологический журнал. –2002. –Т.7. -№ 4. –С.12-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яхно Н.Н., Головкова М.С., Преображенская И.С., Захаров В.В. Синдром БАС-деменция лобного типа. //Неврологический журнал. –2002. –Т.7. -№ 4. –С.12-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bocti C., Rockel C., Roy P. et al. Topographical patterns of lobar atrophy in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. //Dement Geriatr Cogn disord.–2006. –V.21. –N.5-6. –P.364-372.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bocti C., Rockel C., Roy P. et al. Topographical patterns of lobar atrophy in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. //Dement Geriatr Cogn disord.–2006. –V.21. –N.5-6. –P.364-372.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosen H.J., Kramer J.H., Gorno-Tempini M.L. et al. Patterns of cerebral atrophy in primary progressive aphasia. //An J Geriatr Psychiatry. –2002. –V.10. –P.89-97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosen H.J., Kramer J.H., Gorno-Tempini M.L. et al. Patterns of cerebral atrophy in primary progressive aphasia. //An J Geriatr Psychiatry. –2002. –V.10. –P.89-97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McMurtay A., Chen A., Shapira R. et al. Variations in regional SPECT hypoperfusion an clinical features in frontotemporal dementia. //Neurology. –2006. –V.66. –N.4.-P.517-522.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McMurtay A., Chen A., Shapira R. et al. Variations in regional SPECT hypoperfusion an clinical features in frontotemporal dementia. //Neurology. –2006. –V.66. –N.4.-P.517-522.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lund and Manchester Groups. Clinical and neuropathological criteria for fronto-temporal degeneration. //J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. –1994. –V.57. –P.416-418.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lund and Manchester Groups. Clinical and neuropathological criteria for fronto-temporal degeneration. //J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. –1994. –V.57. –P.416-418.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neary, D., Snowden, J. S., Gustafson, L., et al. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. // Neurology. -1998. –V.51. –P.1546-1554.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neary, D., Snowden, J. S., Gustafson, L., et al. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. // Neurology. -1998. –V.51. –P.1546-1554.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lovenstone S., Gauthier S. Management of dementia. //London: Martin Dunitz, 2001. –P.201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lovenstone S., Gauthier S. Management of dementia. //London: Martin Dunitz, 2001. –P.201.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knopman D.S. Current treatment of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. //Curr Neurol Nerosci Rep. –2006. –V.6. –N.5. –P.365-371.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knopman D.S. Current treatment of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. //Curr Neurol Nerosci Rep. –2006. –V.6. –N.5. –P.365-371.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаврилова С.И. Фармакотерапия болезни Альцгеймера. //Москва: изд-во «Пульс». –2003. –С.320.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гаврилова С.И. Фармакотерапия болезни Альцгеймера. //Москва: изд-во «Пульс». –2003. –С.320.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reisberg B., Windscheif U., Ferris S. et al. Memantine in moderately severe to severe Alzheimer’s disease: results of placebo-controlled 6 month trial. //Neurobiol Aging. –2000. –Vol.21. –P.S275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reisberg B., Windscheif U., Ferris S. et al. Memantine in moderately severe to severe Alzheimer’s disease: results of placebo-controlled 6 month trial. //Neurobiol Aging. –2000. –Vol.21. –P.S275.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahin K., Stoeffler A., Fortuna P. Et al. Dementia severity and the magnitude of cognitive benifit by memantine treatment. A subgroup analysis of two placebo-controlled clinical trials in vascular dementia. //Neurobiol.Aging. –2000. –Vol.21.-P.S27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahin K., Stoeffler A., Fortuna P. Et al. Dementia severity and the magnitude of cognitive benifit by memantine treatment. A subgroup analysis of two placebo-controlled clinical trials in vascular dementia. //Neurobiol.Aging. –2000. –Vol.21.-P.S27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tariot P.M., Farlow M.R., Grossberg G.T. et al. Memantine treatment in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease already receiving donepizil. //JAMA, -V.291.-N.3-P.317–324.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tariot P.M., Farlow M.R., Grossberg G.T. et al. Memantine treatment in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease already receiving donepizil. //JAMA, -V.291.-N.3-P.317–324.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яхно Н.Н., Преображенская И.С., Захаров В.В., Мхитарян Э.А. Эффективность акатинола мемантина у пациентов с недементными когнитивными расстройствами. Результаты многоцентрового клинического наблюдения. // Неврологический журнал. -2010. –Т15. -№.2. –С.52-58</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яхно Н.Н., Преображенская И.С., Захаров В.В., Мхитарян Э.А. Эффективность акатинола мемантина у пациентов с недементными когнитивными расстройствами. Результаты многоцентрового клинического наблюдения. // Неврологический журнал. -2010. –Т15. -№.2. –С.52-58</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edwards D., Huey M., Karen T. et al. A systematic review of neurotransmitter deficits and treatment in frontotemporal dementia. //Neurology. –2006. –V. 66. –N.1. –P.17-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edwards D., Huey M., Karen T. et al. A systematic review of neurotransmitter deficits and treatment in frontotemporal dementia. //Neurology. –2006. –V. 66. –N.1. –P.17-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swartz, J. R., Miller, B. L., Lesser, I. M., et al. Frontotemporal dementia: treatment response to serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors. //J Clin Psych. -1997. –V.58. –P.212-216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Swartz, J. R., Miller, B. L., Lesser, I. M., et al. Frontotemporal dementia: treatment response to serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors. //J Clin Psych. -1997. –V.58. –P.212-216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
