medsovetМедицинский СоветMeditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council2079-701X2658-5790REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.10.21518/ms2026-048medsovet-9881Research ArticleНЕОНАТОЛОГИЯNEONATOLOGYПрименение сурфактанта и риски формирования бронхолегочной дисплазии у недоношенных детейSurfactant administration and risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infantshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5444-8351ВерисокинаН. Е.VerisokinaN. E.

Верисокина Наталья Евгеньевна - к.м.н., доцент кафедры факультетской педиатрии, СтГМУ; врач-неонатолог отделения патологии новорожденных и недоношенных детей, СККПЦ №1.

355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, д. 310; 355029, Ставрополь, ул. Семашко, д. 3/1

Natalia E. Verisokina - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Intermediate Level Paediatrics, Stavropol State Medical University; Neonatologist, Department of Pathology of Newborns and Premature Babies, Stavropol Regional Clinical Perinatal Center No. 1.

310, Mira St., Stavropol, 355017; 3/1, Semashko St., Stavropol, 355029

veris.natalya@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7248-1614КлимовЛ. Я.KlimovL. Ya.

Климов Леонид Яковлевич - д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской педиатрии.

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Leonid Ya. Klimov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Intermediate Level Paediatrics, Stavropol State Medical University.

310, Mira St., Stavropol, 355017

klimov_leo@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9990-7272ОбединА. Н.ObedinA. N.

Обедин Александр Николаевич - д.м.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой анестезиологии и реаниматологии с курсом дополнительного профессионального образования, СтГМУ; заместитель главного врача по педиатрической помощи, СККПЦ №1.

355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, д. 310; 355029, Ставрополь, ул. Семашко, д. 3/1

Alexander N. Obedin - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation with Continuing Professional Education Course, Stavropol State Medical University; Deputy Chief Medical Officer for Pediatric Care, Stavropol Regional Clinical Perinatal Center No. 1.

310, Mira St., Stavropol, 355017; 3/1, Semashko St., Stavropol, 355029

volander@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-0755КириенкоО. С.KirienkoO. S.

Кириенко Ольга Сергеевна - к.м.н., ассистент кафедры факультетской педиатрии, СтГМУ; заведующая отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии новорожденных №1, СККПЦ №1.

355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, д. 310; 355029, Ставрополь, ул. Семашко, д. 3/1

Olga S. Kirienko - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Teaching Assistant, Department of the Intermediate Level Paediatrics, Stavropol State Medical University; Head of Neonatal Resuscitation and Intensive Care Unit No. 1, Stavropol Regional Clinical Perinatal Center No. 1;

310, Mira St., Stavropol, 355017; 3/1, Semashko St., Stavropol, 355029

o-kirie@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2056-153XДолбняС. В.DolbnyaS. V.

Долбня Светлана Викторовна - к.м.н., доцент кафедры факультетской педиатрии, СтГМУ; врач-педиатр, СККПЦ №1.

355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, д. 310; 355029, Ставрополь, ул. Семашко, д. 3/1

Svetlana V. Dolbnya - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Intermediate Level Paediatrics, Stavropol State Medical University; Paediatrician, Stavropol Regional Clinical Perinatal Center No. 1.

310, Mira St., Stavropol, 355017; 3/1, Semashko St., Stavropol, 355029

svet-lana.dolbnya@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-9791-7054КаляндраВ. С.KaliandraV. S.

Каляндра Варвара Степановна - студент педиатрического факультета.

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Varvara S. Kaliandra - Student of the Faculty of Paediatrics, Stavropol State Medical University.

310, Mira St., Stavropol, 355017

varya.kalyandra@mail.ruХлопяноваЕ. А.KhlopyanovaE. A.

Хлопянова Елизавета Андреевна - студент педиатрического факультета.

355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, д. 310

Еlizaveta A. Khlopyanova - Student of the Faculty of Paediatrics, Stavropol State Medical University.

310, Mira St., Stavropol, 355017

ehlopyanova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-8881-0780БайрамкуловМ. А.BayramkulovM. A.

Байрамкулов Магомет Алиевич - студент лечебного факультета.

355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, д. 310

Magomet A. Bayramkulov - Student of the Faculty of General Medicine, Stavropol State Medical University.

310, Mira St., Stavropol, 355017

bayramkulov.m.01@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-9029-3853ТиторенкоС. А.TitorenkoS. A.

Титоренко Софья Алексеевна - студент лечебного факультета.

355017, Ставрополь, ул. Мира, д. 310

Sofya A. Titorenko - Student of the Faculty of General Medicine, Stavropol State Medical University.

310, Mira St., Stavropol, 355017

ivanisova2002@inbox.ruСтавропольский государственный медицинский университет; Ставропольский краевой клинический перинатальный центр №1РоссияStavropol State Medical University; Stavropol Regional Clinical Perinatal Center No. 1Russian FederationСтавропольский государственный медицинский университетРоссияStavropol State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202624032026014352Copyright © Верисокина Н.Е., Климов Л.Я., Обедин А.Н., Кириенко О.С., Долбня С.В., Каляндра В.С., Хлопянова Е.А., Байрамкулов М.А., Титоренко С.А., 20262026Верисокина Н.Е., Климов Л.Я., Обедин А.Н., Кириенко О.С., Долбня С.В., Каляндра В.С., Хлопянова Е.А., Байрамкулов М.А., Титоренко С.А.Verisokina N.E., Klimov L.Y., Obedin A.N., Kirienko O.S., Dolbnya S.V., Kaliandra V.S., Khlopyanova E.A., Bayramkulov M.A., Titorenko S.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9881

Преждевременные роды – это глобальная проблема здоровья, затрагивающая 11% всех живорожденных. За последнее десятилетие во многих развитых странах наблюдается рост числа недоношенных детей. Легочный сурфактант представляет собой сложную смесь фосфолипидов и белков, которые снижают поверхностное натяжение на границе раздела сред «воздух – жидкость» в альвеолах. Нарушение метаболизма сурфактанта может приводить к ухудшению прогноза младенцев, рожденных раньше срока. Глубоконедоношенные новорожденные подвержены более высокому риску возникновения респираторного дистресс-синдрома, что приводит к более длительному нахождению на искусственной вентиляции легких, а это, в свою очередь, увеличивает риск формирования бронхолегочной дисплазии. Бронхолегочная дисплазия остается самым распространенным неблагоприятным исходом у недоношенных новорожденных. Раннее введение экзогенного сурфактанта играет ключевую роль в лечении респираторного дистресс-синдрома у недоношенных новорожденных, снижая заболеваемость и смертность. В статье обобщены данные из современных источников литературы о физиологическом действии легочного сурфактанта, его составе, различных способах введения. Данный систематический обзор содержит описание наиболее известных методик введения поверхностно-активных веществ – INSURE, введение через тонкий катетер, аэрозольное введение сурфактанта и введение сурфактанта через гортань или надгортанные пути (SALSA). Поиск литературы осуществлялся по ключевым словам: преждевременные роды, последствия недоношенности, легочной сурфактант, экзогенный сурфактант, недоношенные дети, бронхолегочная дисплазия. Проведен детальный систематический анализ современной отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвященный использованию сурфактанта, в итоге для анализа было отобрано 64 источника. Использованы информационные базы eLibrary, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE.

Preterm birth is a major public health concern with an estimated 11% of all live births affected globally. There is a rapid increase in the incidence of preterm births in many industrialized countries in the past decade. Pulmonary surfactant is a phospholipid/ protein complex mixture reducing surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the alveoli. Defective surfactant metabolism can worsen the prognosis for infants born prematurely. Extremely preterm infants appear to have a greater risk of respiratory distress syndrome, leading to a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, which, in turn, increases the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains the most common adverse outcome of preterm birth. Early exogenous-surfactant administration plays a pivotal role in the management of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome, reducing morbidity and mortality. This literature review summarizes current knowledge on the physiological effects of pulmonary surfactant, its composition, and various routes of administration. This systematic review describes the most common method of surface-active agent administration – INSURE, thin catheter techniques, surfactant aerosolization, and surfactant administration via laryngeal or supraglottic airway (SALSA). The literature search was conducted using the following keywords: preterm birth, lasting effects of premature birth, pulmonary surfactant, exogenous surfactant, preterm infants, bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A detailed systematic analysis of current domestic and international literature on surfactant use was conducted. A total of 64 scientific publications were selected for analysis. Databases of eLibrary, Scopus, PubMed, and MEDLINE were used.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.