<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2026-001</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-9887</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ШКОЛА ПЕДИАТРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRICIAN SCHOOL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биомаркеры предраковых заболеваний слизистой желудка у школьников этнических популяций Тывы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biomarkers of precancerous diseases of the gastric mucosa in schoolchildren of ethnic populations of Tyva</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-8747</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вшивков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vshivkov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вшивков Виталий Алексеевич - к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник клинического отделения патологии пищеварительной системы у взрослых и детей.</p><p>660022, Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 3г</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaliy A. Vshivkov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Scientist of Clinical Division of Digestive System Pathology in Adults and Children, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences of Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North.</p><p>3g, Partizan Zheleznyak St., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vitali1983@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3842-9147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поливанова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polivanova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поливанова Тамара Владимировна - д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник клинического отделения патологии пищеварительной системы у взрослых и детей, НИИ МПС – обособленное подразделение ФИЦ «КНЦ СО РАН»; профессор кафедры патологической физиологии КрасГМУ им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого.</p><p>660022, Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 3г; 660022, Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara V. Polivanova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief Researcher of Clinical Division of Digestive System Pathology in Adults and Children, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences of Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North; Professor of the Department of Pathological Physiology of the Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky.</p><p>3g, Partizan Zheleznyak St., Krasnoyarsk, 660022; 1, Partizan Zheleznyak St., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tamara-polivanova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5988-1688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каспаров</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasparov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каспаров Эдуард Вильямович - д.м.н., профессор, директор.</p><p>660022, Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 3г</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard V. Kasparov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Director, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences of Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North.</p><p>3g, Partizan Zheleznyak St., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт медицинских проблем Севера – обособленное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра «Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences of Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт медицинских проблем Севера – обособленное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра «Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»; Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences of Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>300</fpage><lpage>305</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вшивков В.А., Поливанова Т.В., Каспаров Э.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вшивков В.А., Поливанова Т.В., Каспаров Э.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vshivkov V.A., Polivanova T.V., Kasparov E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9887">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9887</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. К поиску биомаркеров риска формирования предраковых состояний слизистой желудка приковано особое внимание исследователей. Отмечена связь белков CDX2, CK20 и CK7 с предраковыми заболеваниями, и даже в детском возрасте.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить наличие экспрессии белков CDX2, CK20 и CK7 в эпителии слизистой оболочки желудка у школьников с гастритом в этнических популяциях Республики Тыва.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнено поперечное анкетное обследование школьников 7–17 лет в Тыве в 2017 г.: 336 тувинцев-монголоидов и 135 европеоидов; 184 мальчика и 287 девочек. В дальнейшем детям с гастроэнтерологическими жалобами проведена гастроскопия с забором образцов слизистой желудка с последующим морфологическим подтверждением диагноза «гастрит». Иммуногистохимически исследованы биоптаты для выявления белков CDX2, CK20, CK7 в эпителии желудка.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Экспрессия CDX2 определялась только в эпителии антрального отдела у 4 школьников (4,5%), и ее различий в этнических популяциях не отмечено. Экспрессия СК7 у тувинцев наблюдалась чаще, чем у европеоидов, в антральном отделе желудка (р = 0,038). В обоих отделах желудка различий экспрессии СК20 у детей этнических популяций не отмечено. У европеоидов с возрастом имелась тенденция к росту экспрессии CK7 в антральном отделе (р = 0,092); у тувинцев показатели были высокими у школьников младшего возраста и выше, чем у европеоидов аналогичного возраста (р = 0,022). В теле желудка экспрессия CK7 у тувинцев младшей возрастной группы также была выше.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Особенности экспрессии CK20, CK7 могут быть использованы в качестве критерия для вычленения детей с повышенным риском развития предраковых изменений в желудке и рака желудка во взрослом периоде.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Researchers have focused on identifying biomarkers for the risk of developing precancerous conditions in the gastric mucosa. CDX2, CK20, and CK7 proteins have been linked to precancerous conditions, even in childhood.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the expression of CDX2, CK20, and CK7 proteins in the gastric mucosal epithelium of schoolchildren with gastritis in ethnic populations of the Republic of Tyva.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among schoolchildren aged 7–17 in Tyva in 2017: 336 Mongoloid Tuvans and 135 Caucasians; 184 boys and 287 girls. Subsequently, children with gastrointestinal complaints underwent gastroscopy: 57 Tuvans of Mongoloid origin and 32 Caucasians (35 boys and 54 girls) with gastric mucosal samples collected and subsequently morphologically confirmed the diagnosis of gastritis. Biopsies were examined immunohistochemically to detect CDX2, CK20, and CK7 proteins in the gastric epithelium.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. CDX2 expression was determined only in the epithelium of the antral section in 4 schoolchildren (4.5%) and its differences in ethnic populations were not noted. CK7 expression was observed more often in the antral section of the stomach in Tuvans than in Caucasians (p = 0.038). In both stomach sections, no differences in CK20 expression were observed in children of ethnic populations. In Caucasians, there was a tendency for CK7 expression in the antrum to increase with age (p = 0.092). Whereas in Tuvans, CK7 expression rates in the antrum were high in younger schoolchildren and higher than in Caucasians of the same age (p = 0.022). In the body of the stomach, the expression of CK7 was also higher in Tuvans of the younger age group.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. CK20 and CK7 expression patterns can be used as a criterion for identifying children with an increased risk of developing precancerous changes in the stomach and gastric cancer in adulthood.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>гастрит</kwd><kwd>этнос</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>gastritis</kwd><kwd>ethnicity</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность к.б.н. О.В. Перетятько за проведение иммуногистохимического исследования биоптатов слизистой оболочки желудка.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors express their gratitude to Cand. Sci. (Biol.) O.V. Peretyatko for conducting an immunohistochemical study of biopsy specimens of the gastric mucosa.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">George S, Lucero Y, Torres JP, Lagomarcino AJ, O’Ryan M. Gastric Damage and Cancer-Associated Biomarkers in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Children. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:90. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">George S, Lucero Y, Torres JP, Lagomarcino AJ, O’Ryan M. Gastric Damage and Cancer-Associated Biomarkers in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Children. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:90. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00090.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Negovan A, Iancu M, Fülöp E, Bănescu C. Helicobacter pylori and cytokine gene variants as predictors of premalignant gastric lesions. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(30):4105–4124. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Negovan A, Iancu M, Fülöp E, Bănescu C. Helicobacter pylori and cytokine gene variants as predictors of premalignant gastric lesions. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(30):4105–4124. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar S, Patel GK, Ghoshal UC. Helicobacter pylori-Induced Inflammation: Possible Factors Modulating the Risk of Gastric Cancer. Pathogens. 2021;10(9):1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091099.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar S, Patel GK, Ghoshal UC. Helicobacter pylori-Induced Inflammation: Possible Factors Modulating the Risk of Gastric Cancer. Pathogens. 2021;10(9):1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091099.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toh JWT, Wilson RB. Pathways of Gastric Carcinogenesis, Helicobacter pylori Virulence and Interactions with Antioxidant Systems, Vitamin C and Phytochemicals. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(17):6451. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toh JWT, Wilson RB. Pathways of Gastric Carcinogenesis, Helicobacter pylori Virulence and Interactions with Antioxidant Systems, Vitamin C and Phytochemicals. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(17):6451. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176451.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Díaz Del Arco C, Fernández Aceñero MJ, Ortega Medina L. Liquid biopsy for gastric cancer: Techniques, applications, and future directions. World J Gastroenterol. 2024;30(12):1680–1705. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v30.i12.1680.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Díaz Del Arco C, Fernández Aceñero MJ, Ortega Medina L. Liquid biopsy for gastric cancer: Techniques, applications, and future directions. World J Gastroenterol. 2024;30(12):1680–1705. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v30.i12.1680.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mithany RH, Shahid MH, Manasseh M, Saeed MT, Aslam S, Mohamed MS et al. Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Cureus. 2024;16(3):e55902. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.55902.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mithany RH, Shahid MH, Manasseh M, Saeed MT, Aslam S, Mohamed MS et al. Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Cureus. 2024;16(3):e55902. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.55902.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pattilachan TM, Christodoulou M, Ross S. Diagnosis to dissection: AI’s role in early detection and surgical intervention for gastric cancer. J Robot Surg. 2024;18(1):259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-024-02005-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pattilachan TM, Christodoulou M, Ross S. Diagnosis to dissection: AI’s role in early detection and surgical intervention for gastric cancer. J Robot Surg. 2024;18(1):259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-024-02005-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Melkonian SC, Jim MA, Reza A, Peipins LA, Haverkamp D, Said N et al. Incidence of Stomach, Liver, and Colorectal Cancers by Geography and Social Vulnerability Among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations, 2010-2019. Am J Epidemiol. 2024;193(1):58–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwad194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melkonian SC, Jim MA, Reza A, Peipins LA, Haverkamp D, Said N et al. Incidence of Stomach, Liver, and Colorectal Cancers by Geography and Social Vulnerability Among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations, 2010-2019. Am J Epidemiol. 2024;193(1):58–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwad194.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spees LP, Jackson BE, Raveendran Y, Morris HN, Emerson MA, Baggett CD et al. Characterizing Cancer Burden in the American Indian Population in North Carolina. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2024;33(6):838–845. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spees LP, Jackson BE, Raveendran Y, Morris HN, Emerson MA, Baggett CD et al. Characterizing Cancer Burden in the American Indian Population in North Carolina. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2024;33(6):838–845. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bair MJ, Chuang SL, Lei WY, Chen CL, Tian HW, Chiang TH et al. Planning mass eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection for indigenous Taiwanese peoples to reduce gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;35(4):609–616. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.14898.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bair MJ, Chuang SL, Lei WY, Chen CL, Tian HW, Chiang TH et al. Planning mass eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection for indigenous Taiwanese peoples to reduce gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;35(4):609–616. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.14898.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moore SP, Forman D, Piñeros M, Fernández SM, de Oliveira Santos M, Bray F. Cancer in indigenous people in Latin America and the Caribbean: a review. Cancer Med. 2014;3(1):70–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moore SP, Forman D, Piñeros M, Fernández SM, de Oliveira Santos M, Bray F. Cancer in indigenous people in Latin America and the Caribbean: a review. Cancer Med. 2014;3(1):70–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chief C, Sanderson PR, Willeto AAA, Yazzie A, McKinley A, Monroy FP et al. “Nobody Is Talking About It”: Diné (Navajo) Communities Speak About Stomach Cancer and Helicobacter pylori Infections. J Cancer Educ. 2022;37(1):3–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-020-01831-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chief C, Sanderson PR, Willeto AAA, Yazzie A, McKinley A, Monroy FP et al. “Nobody Is Talking About It”: Diné (Navajo) Communities Speak About Stomach Cancer and Helicobacter pylori Infections. J Cancer Educ. 2022;37(1):3–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-020-01831-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аксель ЕМ. Статистика злокачественных новообразований желудочно-кишечного тракта. Сибирский онкологический журнал. 2017;16(3):5–11. https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2017-3-5-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Axel EM. Gastrointestinal cancer statistics. Siberian Journal of Oncology. 2017;16(3):5–11. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2017-3-5-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вшивков ВА, Поливанова ТВ, Каспаров ЭВ, Перетятько ОВ, Ахметшин ТН. Состояние слизистой оболочки гастродуоденальной зоны у школьников региона с высокой распространенностью рака желудка. Российский педиатрический журнал. 2018;21(1):26–30. https://doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2018-21-1-26-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vshivkov VA, Polivanova TV, Kasparov EV, Peretyatko OV, Akhmetshin TN. The state of the mucosa of the gastroduodenal zone in schoolchildren residing in areas with a high prevalence rate of gastric cancer. Russian Pediatric Journal. 2018;21(1):26–30. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2018-21-1-26-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Machlowska J, Baj J, Sitarz M, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Gastric Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification, Genomic Characteristics and Treatment Strategies. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(11):4012. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Machlowska J, Baj J, Sitarz M, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Gastric Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification, Genomic Characteristics and Treatment Strategies. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(11):4012. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koulis A, Buckle A, Boussioutas A. Premalignant lesions and gastric cancer: Current understanding. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2019;11(9):665–678. https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v11.i9.665.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koulis A, Buckle A, Boussioutas A. Premalignant lesions and gastric cancer: Current understanding. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2019;11(9):665–678. https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v11.i9.665.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cordova-Marks FM, Carson WO, Monetathchi A, Little A, Erdrich J. Native and Indigenous Populations and Gastric Cancer: A Worldwide Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(9):5437. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095437.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cordova-Marks FM, Carson WO, Monetathchi A, Little A, Erdrich J. Native and Indigenous Populations and Gastric Cancer: A Worldwide Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(9):5437. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095437.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nolen LD, Vindigni SM, Parsonnet J; Symposium leaders. Combating Gastric Cancer in Alaska Native People: An Expert and Community Symposium. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(5):1197–1201. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nolen LD, Vindigni SM, Parsonnet J; Symposium leaders. Combating Gastric Cancer in Alaska Native People: An Expert and Community Symposium. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(5):1197–1201. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Němejcová K, Šafanda A, Bártů MK, Michálková R, Drozenová J, Fabian P et al. A comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of 26 markers in 250 cases of serous ovarian tumors. Diagn Pathol. 2023;18(1):32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13000-023-01317-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Němejcová K, Šafanda A, Bártů MK, Michálková R, Drozenová J, Fabian P et al. A comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of 26 markers in 250 cases of serous ovarian tumors. Diagn Pathol. 2023;18(1):32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13000-023-01317-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Villarreal-Calderon R, Luévano-González A, Aragón-Flores M, Zhu H, Yuan Y, Xiang Q et al. Antral atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and preneoplastic markers in Mexican children with Helicobacter pylori-positive and Helicobacter pylori-negative gastritis. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2014;18(3):129–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2014.02.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Villarreal-Calderon R, Luévano-González A, Aragón-Flores M, Zhu H, Yuan Y, Xiang Q et al. Antral atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and preneoplastic markers in Mexican children with Helicobacter pylori-positive and Helicobacter pylori-negative gastritis. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2014;18(3):129–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2014.02.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Todorovic V, Sokic-Milutinovic A, Drndarevic N, Micev M, Mitrovic O, Nikolic I et al. Expression of cytokeratins in Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis of adult patients infected with cagA+ strains: an immunohistochemical study. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(12):1865–1873. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v12.i12.1865.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Todorovic V, Sokic-Milutinovic A, Drndarevic N, Micev M, Mitrovic O, Nikolic I et al. Expression of cytokeratins in Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis of adult patients infected with cagA+ strains: an immunohistochemical study. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(12):1865–1873. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v12.i12.1865.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang YK, Ran DM, Li YY, Zhu CY, Zhang RB, Jiang B et al. Histopathological features of glandular atrophy of the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa during its occurrence and development. BMC Gastroenterol. 2023;23(1):395. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-023-03033-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang YK, Ran DM, Li YY, Zhu CY, Zhang RB, Jiang B et al. Histopathological features of glandular atrophy of the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa during its occurrence and development. BMC Gastroenterol. 2023;23(1):395. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-023-03033-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smyth EC, Nilsson M, Grabsch HI, van Grieken NC, Lordick F. Gastric cancer. Lancet. 2020;396(10251):635–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31288-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smyth EC, Nilsson M, Grabsch HI, van Grieken NC, Lordick F. Gastric cancer. Lancet. 2020;396(10251):635–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31288-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He J, Hu W, Ouyang Q, Zhang S, He L, Chen W et al. Helicobacter pylori infection induces stem cell-like properties in Correa cascade of gastric cancer. Cancer Lett. 2022;542:215764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215764.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He J, Hu W, Ouyang Q, Zhang S, He L, Chen W et al. Helicobacter pylori infection induces stem cell-like properties in Correa cascade of gastric cancer. Cancer Lett. 2022;542:215764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215764.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dixon MF, Genta RM, Yardley JH. Histological classification of gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection: an agreement at last? The International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis. Helicobacter. 1997;2(1):17–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1997.06b09.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dixon MF, Genta RM, Yardley JH. Histological classification of gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection: an agreement at last? The International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis. Helicobacter. 1997;2(1):17–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.1997.06b09.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sugano K, Tack J, Kuipers EJ, Graham DY, El-Omar EM, Miura S et al. Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gut. 2015;64(9):1353–1367. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sugano K, Tack J, Kuipers EJ, Graham DY, El-Omar EM, Miura S et al. Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gut. 2015;64(9):1353–1367. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polivanova TV, Kasparov EV, Vshivkov VA, Peretyatko OV. Biomarkers CDX2, CK20, CK7 in Schoolchildren with Gastritis in the Realization of Familial Predisposition of Stomach Cancer. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2021;172(2):187–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-021-05360-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polivanova TV, Kasparov EV, Vshivkov VA, Peretyatko OV. Biomarkers CDX2, CK20, CK7 in Schoolchildren with Gastritis in the Realization of Familial Predisposition of Stomach Cancer. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2021;172(2):187–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-021-05360-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petrovchich I, Ford JM. Genetic predisposition to gastric cancer. Semin Oncol. 2016;43(5):554–559. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2016.08.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrovchich I, Ford JM. Genetic predisposition to gastric cancer. Semin Oncol. 2016;43(5):554–559. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2016.08.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yusefi AR, Bagheri Lankarani K, Bastani P, Radinmanesh M, Kavosi Z. Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018;19(3):591–603. https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.591.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yusefi AR, Bagheri Lankarani K, Bastani P, Radinmanesh M, Kavosi Z. Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018;19(3):591–603. https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.591.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luo HT, Liang CX, Luo RC, Gu WG. Identification of relevant prognostic values of cytokeratin 20 and cytokeratin 7 expressions in lung cancer. Biosci Rep. 2017;37(6):BSR20171086. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20171086.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luo HT, Liang CX, Luo RC, Gu WG. Identification of relevant prognostic values of cytokeratin 20 and cytokeratin 7 expressions in lung cancer. Biosci Rep. 2017;37(6):BSR20171086. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20171086.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yun SP, Seo HI. Prognostic impact of immunohistochemical expression of CK7 and CK20 in curatively resected ampulla of Vater cancer. BMC Gastroenterol. 2015;15:165. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-015-0396-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yun SP, Seo HI. Prognostic impact of immunohistochemical expression of CK7 and CK20 in curatively resected ampulla of Vater cancer. BMC Gastroenterol. 2015;15:165. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-015-0396-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
