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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2026-006</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-9891</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕФРОЛОГИЯ/УРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEPHROLOGY/UROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микробиом мочи: норма и патология</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urinary microbiome: Norm and pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Ирина Николаевна - д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный врач РФ, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского.</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Zakharova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education.</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zakharova-rmapo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-9601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Османов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osmanov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Османов Исмаил Магомедович - д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный врач РФ, заслуженный врач Москвы, главный врач, Детская ГКБ им. З.А. Башляевой; директор Университетской педиатрической клиники, РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова.</p><p>125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28; 117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ismail M. Osmanov - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Honored Doctor of Moscow, Chief Physician, Bashlyaeva City Children’s Clinical Hospital; Director of the University Pediatric Clinic, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.</p><p>28, Geroev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373; 1, Ostrovityanov St., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osmanovim@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0168-2846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекмурзаева</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekmurzaeva</surname><given-names>G. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бекмурзаева Гульфизат Баудиновна - к.м.н., врач-нефролог, заведующая нефрологическим отделением, Детская ГКБ им. З.А. Башляевой; ассистент, РМАНПО.</p><p>125373, Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28; 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulfizat B. Bekmurzaeva - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Nephrologist, Head of the Nephrology Department, Bashlyaeva City Children’s Clinical Hospital; Assistant, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education.</p><p>28, Geroev Panfilovtsev St., Moscow, 125373; 2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulfizat@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4550-1502</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимова</surname><given-names>П. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimova</surname><given-names>P. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анисимова Полина Дмитриевна - аспирант кафедры педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского.</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina D. Anisimova - Postgraduate Student of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education.</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amstaffanis@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0335-0704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурилова</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Churilova</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чурилова Виктория Дмитриевна - аспирант кафедры педиатрии имени академика Г.Н. Сперанского.</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoriya D. Churilova - Postgraduate Student of the Department of Pediatrics named after Academician G.N. Speransky, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education.</p><p>2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vika.churilova.2020@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская городская клиническая больница имени З.А. Башляевой; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashlyaeva City Children’s Clinical Hospital; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования; Детская городская клиническая больница имени З.А. Башляевой</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Bashlyaeva City Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>150</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захарова И.Н., Османов И.М., Бекмурзаева Г.Б., Анисимова П.Д., Чурилова В.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Н., Османов И.М., Бекмурзаева Г.Б., Анисимова П.Д., Чурилова В.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova I.N., Osmanov I.M., Bekmurzaeva G.B., Anisimova P.D., Churilova V.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9891">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9891</self-uri><abstract><p>История изучения микробиома мочи насчитывает приблизительно 150 лет, и ранее считалось, что мочевая система здорового человека должна быть абсолютно стерильна. Лишь в последние несколько десятилетий мнение научного сообщества по этому вопросу радикально изменилось. Прогресс в области микробиологических исследований позволил применить расширенные культуральные и новейшие молекулярно-генетические методы для обнаружения и идентификации микроорганизмов, населяющих мочевые пути. Наконец, так прочно устоявшаяся догма о стерильности мочи здорового человека была разрушена. В моче были обнаружены не только бактерии, но также вирусы и грибы. Появилось понятие «уробиом». В настоящее время нет единого представления о том, какой состав микробиоты мочи следует считать нормальным, однако уже накоплены данные, позволяющие сделать вывод о том, что его изменения влияют на развитие различных урологических заболеваний не только в отрицательном, но и в положительном ключе, хотя многие патогенетические механизмы этих влияний еще не изучены. При этом состав уробиома может влиять на развитие не только воспалительных заболеваний, таких как инфекция мочевых путей, но и невоспалительных – доброкачественной гиперплазии предстательной железы, интерстициального цистита / синдрома болезненного мочевого пузыря, мочекаменной болезни, гиперактивного мочевого пузыря и недержания мочи, а также рака мочевого пузыря. В данной статье изложены методы и проблемы исследования микробиома мочи, представлена характеристика уробиома у здоровых людей и людей с некоторыми урологическими заболеваниями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The history of urinary microbiome research goes back approximately 150 years, and the urinary system in healthy individuals was originally believed to be absolutely sterile. Only in recent decades, the scientific community’s opinion on this issue underwent a 180-degree turn. Advances in microbiology research have enabled the use of extended culture-based and up-to-date molecular genetic techniques to detect and identify microorganisms that inhabit the urinary tract. Finally, the well-established dogma about the urine sterility in healthy individuals was destroyed. Not only bacteria, but also viruses and fungi were found in the urine. The concept of urobiome has emerged. Today, there is no single idea of what should be considered a normal urinary microbiome composition. However, accumulated research evidence brings us to the conclusion that changes in the microbiome composition affect the development of various urologic diseases not only in a negative, but also in a positive way, although many of the pathogenetic mechanisms of these effects are not yet fully understood. It should be noted that the urobiome composition can affect the development of not only inflammatory diseases such as urinary tract infections, but also non-inflammatory ones such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, urolithiasis, overactive bladder and urinary incontinence, and bladder cancer. This paper summarizes techniques and issues of urinary microbiome research, and presents characteristics of the urobiome in health and disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>инфекция мочевых путей</kwd><kwd>микробиом</kwd><kwd>уробиом</kwd><kwd>Lactobacillus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>urinary tract infections</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd><kwd>urobiome</kwd><kwd>Lactobacillus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prescott SL. 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