<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medsovet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинский Совет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-701X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5790</issn><publisher><publisher-name>REMEDIUM GROUP Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/ms2026-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medsovet-9966</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЦЕРЕБРОВАСКУЛЯРНЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние ранней кинезотерапии на восстановление двигательных, когнитивных функций и улучшение качества жизни пациентов после ишемического инсульта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The impact of early kinesitherapy on the recovery of motor, cognitive functions and on quality of life in patients following ischemic stroke</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-7622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турузбекова</surname><given-names>Б. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turuzbekova</surname><given-names>B. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Турузбекова Бермет Джамалбековна - аспирант, Кыргызский НИИ курортологии и восстановительного лечения; ассистент кафедры специальных клинических дисциплин Международной школы медицины, Международный университет Кыргызстана.</p><p>724329, Чуйская обл., Аламединский р-н, с. Таш-Дёбё, ул. Больничная, д. 23; 720001, Бишкек, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 17А/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bermet D. Turuzbekova - Postgraduate Student, Kyrgyz Research Institute of Balneology and Rehabilitation; Assistant Professor of the Department of Special Clinical Disciplines, International School of Medicine, International University of Kyrgyzstan.</p><p>23, Bolnichnaya St., Tash-Dobo Village, Alamudin District, Chuy Region, 724329; 17A/1 Lev Tolstoy St., Bishkek, 720001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bturuzbekova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кыргызский научно-исследовательский институт курортологии и восстановительного лечения; Международный университет Кыргызстана</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kyrgyz Research Institute of Balneology and Rehabilitation; International University of Kyrgyzstan</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Турузбекова Б.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Турузбекова Б.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Turuzbekova B.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9966">https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/9966</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ишемический инсульт, характеризующийся сочетанными двигательными и когнитивными нарушениями и сопровождающийся ростом глобального бремени и потребности в реабилитации, требует ранней, структурированной и дозированной кинезотерапии на стационарном этапе. Эффективность терапии следует оценивать с помощью валидированных функциональных, когнитивных и пациент-ориентированных шкал.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить динамику функциональной независимости, когнитивного статуса и инсульт-специфического качества жизни у пациентов обоих полов на фоне ранней кинезотерапии в условиях стационара.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследовано 60 пациентов (29 женщин, 31 мужчина) в Кыргызском научно-исследовательском институте курортологии и восстановительного лечения; средний возраст составил 65,68 ± 10,34 года. Реабилитация начиналась в ранние сроки и включала вертикализацию, пассивные и активные упражнения, а также занятия по концепции Бобат. Показатели индекса Бартел, шкалы Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) и опросника Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) оценивали при поступлении и при выписке на 20-й день.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В ходе стационарного этапа реабилитации у пациентов с ишемическим инсультом отмечено статистически значимое улучшение функционального и когнитивного статуса, а также ряда показателей качества жизни. По индексу Бартел уровень функциональной независимости достоверно увеличился с 54,83 ± 22,62 до 99,25 ± 20,95 балла (p &lt; 0,05), как у женщин (с 53,45 ± 23,05 до 98,27 ± 22,64), так и у мужчин (с 56,12 ± 22,13 до 100,16 ± 19,19; p &lt; 0,05). Средний балл по MMSE повысился с 26,55 ± 3,47 до 29,38 ± 1,42 балла (p &lt; 0,05), как у женщин (с 26,93 ± 3,14 до 29,38 ± 1,45), так и мужчин (с 26,19 ± 3,72 до 29,39 ± 1,38; p &lt; 0,05). По опроснику SS-QOL статистически значимое улучшение выявлено в доменах «роль в семье», «мобильность», «настроение», «самообслуживание», «социальная роль» и «функция руки» (p &lt; 0,05). Ряд показателей (энергичность, речь, мышление, зрение, особенности характера и производительность) продемонстрировал положительную динамику без достижения статистической значимости (p &gt; 0,05). Результаты свидетельствуют о выраженном восстановлении функциональной независимости, когнитивных функций и ключевых компонентов качества жизни в раннем реабилитационном периоде без существенных гендерных различий.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Ранняя кинезотерапия, начатая в остром периоде ишемического инсульта и включающая поэтапную программу мобилизации с функционально ориентированными упражнениями, ассоциируется с клинически значимым улучшением функциональной независимости и когнитивного статуса, а также обеспечивает статистически достоверное повышение инсульт-специфического качества жизни, преимущественно в доменах, связанных с мобильностью, самообслуживанием, функцией верхней конечности, эмоциональным благополучием и социальным участием.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Ischemic stroke, characterized by combined motor and cognitive impairments and accompanied by an increase in the global burden and needs for rehabilitation, requires early, structured and dosed kinesiotherapy at the inpatient stage, with an assessment of its effectiveness using validated functional, cognitive and patient-oriented scales.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the dynamics of functional independence, cognitive status, and stroke-specific quality of life in patients of both sexes undergoing early kinesiotherapy in an inpatient setting.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A total of 60 patients (29 women, 31 men) were examined at the Kyrgyz Research Institute of Balneology and Rehabilitation Treatment, average age 65.68 ± 10.34 years. Rehabilitation was initiated at an early stage and included verticalization, passive and active exercises, as well as therapy based on the Bobath concept. The Barthel Index, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) questionnaire were assessed at admission and at discharge after 20 days.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. During the inpatient rehabilitation stage, patients with ischemic stroke demonstrated statistically significant improvements in functional and cognitive status, as well as in several quality-of-life indicators. According to the Barthel Index, the level of functional independence increased significantly from 54.83 ± 22.62 to 99.25 ± 20.95 points (p &lt; 0.05); similar dynamics were observed in women (from 53.45 ± 23.05 to 98.27 ± 22.64) and men (from 56.12 ± 22.13 to 100.16 ± 19.19; p &lt; 0.05). Cognitive status assessed by the MMSE also improved significantly: the mean score increased from 26.55 ± 3.47 to 29.38 ± 1.42 points (p &lt; 0.05), with comparable changes in women (26.93 ± 3.14 to 29.38 ± 1.45) and men (26.19 ± 3.72 to 29.39 ± 1.38; p &lt; 0.05). According to the SS-QOL questionnaire, statistically significant improvements were observed in the domains of “family role,” “mobility,” “mood,” “self-care,” “social role,” and “upper limb function” (p &lt; 0.05). Several domains (energy, speech, thinking, vision, personality traits, and productivity) demonstrated positive trends without reaching statistical significance (p &gt; 0.05). Overall, the findings indicate substantial recovery of functional independence, cognitive function, and key components of quality of life during the early rehabilitation period, with no clinically significant gender differences.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Early kinesiotherapy initiated in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and implemented through a stepwise program of mobilization and function-oriented exercises is associated with clinically significant improvements in functional independence and cognitive status. It also provides a statistically significant increase in stroke-specific quality of life, predominantly in domains related to mobility, self-care, upper limb function, emotional well-being, and social participation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>ранняя реабилитация</kwd><kwd>кинезотерапия</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd><kwd>функциональная независимость</kwd><kwd>когнитивный статус</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>early rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>kinesitherapy</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd><kwd>functional independence</kwd><kwd>cognitive status</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feigin VL, Abate MD, Abate YH, Abd ElHafeez S, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A et al. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol. 2024;23(10):973–1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00369-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feigin VL, Abate MD, Abate YH, Abd ElHafeez S, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A et al. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol. 2024;23(10):973–1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00369-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feigin VL, Stark BA, Johnson CO, Roth GA, Bisignano C, Abady G et al. Global burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(10):795–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00252-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feigin VL, Stark BA, Johnson CO, Roth GA, Bisignano C, Abady G et al. Global burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(10):795–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00252-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feigin VL, Brainin M, Norrving B, Martins S, Sacco RL, Hacke W et al. World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022. Int J Stroke. 2022;17(1):18–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/17474930211065917.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feigin VL, Brainin M, Norrving B, Martins S, Sacco RL, Hacke W et al. World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022. Int J Stroke. 2022;17(1):18–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/17474930211065917.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cieza A, Causey K, Kamenov K, Hanson SW, Chatterji S, Vos T. Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2021;396(10267):2006–2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32340-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cieza A, Causey K, Kamenov K, Hanson SW, Chatterji S, Vos T. Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2021;396(10267):2006–2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32340-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alt Murphy M, Munoz-Novoa M, Heremans C, Branscheidt M, Cabanas-Valdés R, Engelter ST al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline on motor rehabilitation after stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2025;10(4):1160–1188. https://doi.org/10.1177/23969873251338142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alt Murphy M, Munoz-Novoa M, Heremans C, Branscheidt M, Cabanas-Valdés R, Engelter ST al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline on motor rehabilitation after stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2025;10(4):1160–1188. https://doi.org/10.1177/23969873251338142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwakkel G, Stinear CM, Essers B, Munoz-Novoa M, Branscheidt M, Cabanas-Valdés R et al. Motor rehabilitation after stroke: European Stroke Organisation (ESO) consensus-based definition and guiding framework. Eur Stroke J. 2023;8(4):880–894. https://doi.org/10.1177/23969873231191304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwakkel G, Stinear CM, Essers B, Munoz-Novoa M, Branscheidt M, Cabanas-Valdés R et al. Motor rehabilitation after stroke: European Stroke Organisation (ESO) consensus-based definition and guiding framework. Eur Stroke J. 2023;8(4):880–894. https://doi.org/10.1177/23969873231191304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winstein CJ, Stein J, Arena R, Bates B, Cherney LR, Cramer SC et al. Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2016;47(6):e98–e169. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000098.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winstein CJ, Stein J, Arena R, Bates B, Cherney LR, Cramer SC et al. Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2016;47(6):e98–e169. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000098.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernhardt J, Langhorne P, Lindley RI, Thrift AG, Ellery F, Collier J et al. Efficacy and safety of very early mobilisation within 24 h of stroke onset (AVERT): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386(9988):46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60690-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernhardt J, Langhorne P, Lindley RI, Thrift AG, Ellery F, Collier J et al. Efficacy and safety of very early mobilisation within 24 h of stroke onset (AVERT): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386(9988):46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60690-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei X, Li S, Zhang M, Zhao Z. A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical efficacy of early and late rehabilitation interventions for ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol. 2024;24:91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-024-03565-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei X, Li S, Zhang M, Zhao Z. A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical efficacy of early and late rehabilitation interventions for ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol. 2024;24:91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-024-03565-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filipska-Blejder K, Jaracz K, Ślusarz R. Efficacy and Safety of Early Mobilization and Factors Associated with Rehabilitation After Stroke – Review. J Clin Med. 2025;14(5):1585. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051585.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filipska-Blejder K, Jaracz K, Ślusarz R. Efficacy and Safety of Early Mobilization and Factors Associated with Rehabilitation After Stroke – Review. J Clin Med. 2025;14(5):1585. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051585.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rethnam V, Langhorne P, Churilov L, Hayward KS, Herisson F, Poletto SR et al. Early mobilisation post-stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(8):1156–1163. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2020.1789229.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rethnam V, Langhorne P, Churilov L, Hayward KS, Herisson F, Poletto SR et al. Early mobilisation post-stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(8):1156–1163. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2020.1789229.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mariana de Aquino Miranda J, Mendes Borges V, Bazan R, José Luvizutto G, Sabrysna Morais Shinosaki J. Early mobilization in acute stroke phase: a systematic review. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2023;30(2):157–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2021.2008595.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mariana de Aquino Miranda J, Mendes Borges V, Bazan R, José Luvizutto G, Sabrysna Morais Shinosaki J. Early mobilization in acute stroke phase: a systematic review. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2023;30(2):157–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2021.2008595.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson ED, Pohlig RT, McCartney KM, Hornby TG, Kasner SE, Raser-Schramm J et al. Increasing Activity After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial of High-Intensity Walking and Step Activity Intervention. Stroke. 2024;55(1):5–13. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.044596.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson ED, Pohlig RT, McCartney KM, Hornby TG, Kasner SE, Raser-Schramm J et al. Increasing Activity After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial of High-Intensity Walking and Step Activity Intervention. Stroke. 2024;55(1):5–13. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.044596.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gauthier LV, Ravi R, DeLuca D, Zhou W. Dose Response to Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation Varies by Individual: Early Indicators of Treatment Response. Stroke. 2024;55(3):696–704. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.045039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gauthier LV, Ravi R, DeLuca D, Zhou W. Dose Response to Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation Varies by Individual: Early Indicators of Treatment Response. Stroke. 2024;55(3):696–704. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.045039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dorsch S, Carling C, Cao Z, Fanayan E, Graham PL, McCluskey A et al. Bobath therapy is inferior to task-specific training and not superior to other interventions in improving arm activity and arm strength outcomes after stroke: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2023;69(1):15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2022.11.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dorsch S, Carling C, Cao Z, Fanayan E, Graham PL, McCluskey A et al. Bobath therapy is inferior to task-specific training and not superior to other interventions in improving arm activity and arm strength outcomes after stroke: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2023;69(1):15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2022.11.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klassen TD, Dukelow SP, Bayley MT, Benavente O, Hill MD, Krassioukov A et al. Higher Doses Improve Walking Recovery During Stroke Inpatient Rehabilitation. Stroke. 2020;51(9):2639–2648. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.029245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klassen TD, Dukelow SP, Bayley MT, Benavente O, Hill MD, Krassioukov A et al. Higher Doses Improve Walking Recovery During Stroke Inpatient Rehabilitation. Stroke. 2020;51(9):2639–2648. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.029245.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quinn TJ, Richard E, Teuschl Y, Gattringer T, Hafdi M, O’Brien JT et al. European Stroke Organisation and European Academy of Neurology joint guidelines on post-stroke cognitive impairment. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28(12):3883–3920. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.15068.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quinn TJ, Richard E, Teuschl Y, Gattringer T, Hafdi M, O’Brien JT et al. European Stroke Organisation and European Academy of Neurology joint guidelines on post-stroke cognitive impairment. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28(12):3883–3920. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.15068.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Donoghue M, Leahy S, Boland P, Galvin R, McManus J, Hayes S. Rehabilitation of Cognitive Deficits Poststroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Stroke. 2022;53(5):1700–1710. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.034218.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Donoghue M, Leahy S, Boland P, Galvin R, McManus J, Hayes S. Rehabilitation of Cognitive Deficits Poststroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Stroke. 2022;53(5):1700–1710. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.034218.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skidmore ER, Eskes G, Brodtmann A. Executive Function Poststroke: Concepts, Recovery, and Interventions. Stroke. 2023;54(1):20–29. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.037946.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skidmore ER, Eskes G, Brodtmann A. Executive Function Poststroke: Concepts, Recovery, and Interventions. Stroke. 2023;54(1):20–29. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.037946.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li G, Tao X, Lei B, Hou X, Yang X, Wang L et al. Effects of exercise on post-stroke cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2024;31(7):645–666. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2024.2356393.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li G, Tao X, Lei B, Hou X, Yang X, Wang L et al. Effects of exercise on post-stroke cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2024;31(7):645–666. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2024.2356393.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fava-Felix PE, Bonome-Vanzelli SRC, Ribeiro FS, Santos FH. Systematic review on post-stroke computerized cognitive training: Unveiling the impact of confounding factors. Front Psychol. 2022;13:985438. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.985438.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fava-Felix PE, Bonome-Vanzelli SRC, Ribeiro FS, Santos FH. Systematic review on post-stroke computerized cognitive training: Unveiling the impact of confounding factors. Front Psychol. 2022;13:985438. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.985438.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alashram AR, Annino G, Padua E. Rehabilitation interventions for cognitive deficits in stroke survivors: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2025;32(1):262–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2022.2130319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alashram AR, Annino G, Padua E. Rehabilitation interventions for cognitive deficits in stroke survivors: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2025;32(1):262–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2022.2130319.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bertoni D, Bruni S, Saviola D, De Tanti A, Costantino C. The Role of Cognitive Reserve in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci. 2024;14(11):144. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14111144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bertoni D, Bruni S, Saviola D, De Tanti A, Costantino C. The Role of Cognitive Reserve in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci. 2024;14(11):144. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14111144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chung CSY, Pollock A, Campbell T, Durward BR, Hagen S. Cognitive rehabilitation for executive dysfunction in adults with stroke or other adult non-progressive acquired brain damage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;2021(9):CD008391. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008391.pub2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chung CSY, Pollock A, Campbell T, Durward BR, Hagen S. Cognitive rehabilitation for executive dysfunction in adults with stroke or other adult non-progressive acquired brain damage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;2021(9):CD008391. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008391.pub2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index. Md State Med J. 1965;14:61–65. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14258950/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index. Md State Med J. 1965;14:61–65. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14258950/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams LS, Weinberger M, Harris LE, Clark DO, Biller J. Development of a stroke-specific quality of life scale. Stroke. 1999;30(7):1362–1369. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.30.7.1362.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams LS, Weinberger M, Harris LE, Clark DO, Biller J. Development of a stroke-specific quality of life scale. Stroke. 1999;30(7):1362–1369. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.30.7.1362.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duncan PW, Wallace D, Lai SM, Johnson D, Embretson S, Laster LJ. The stroke impact scale version 2.0. Evaluation of reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Stroke. 1999;30(10):2131–2140. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.30.10.2131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duncan PW, Wallace D, Lai SM, Johnson D, Embretson S, Laster LJ. The stroke impact scale version 2.0. Evaluation of reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Stroke. 1999;30(10):2131–2140. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.30.10.2131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992;30(6):473–483. Available at: https://www.espalibrary.eu/media/filer_public/f5/31/f531ce0b-0584-476b-b46a-abe3df14d0ec/ware-mc1992.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992;30(6):473–483. Available at: https://www.espalibrary.eu/media/filer_public/f5/31/f531ce0b-0584-476b-b46a-abe3df14d0ec/ware-mc1992.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harper A, Power M. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF Quality of Life Assessment. Psychol Med. 1998;28(3):551–558. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291798006667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harper A, Power M. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF Quality of Life Assessment. Psychol Med. 1998;28(3):551–558. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291798006667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devlin NJ, Brooks R. EQ-5D and the EuroQol Group: Past, Present and Future. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2017;15(2):127–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40258-017-0310-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devlin NJ, Brooks R. EQ-5D and the EuroQol Group: Past, Present and Future. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2017;15(2):127–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40258-017-0310-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Янишевский СН, Хатькова СЕ. Прогрессивный взгляд на лечение и реабилитацию острого ишемического инсульта. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2022;122(12-2):50–54. https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202212212250.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Янишевский СН, Хатькова СЕ. Прогрессивный взгляд на лечение и реабилитацию острого ишемического инсульта. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2022;122(12-2):50–54. https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202212212250.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рахимбаева ГС, Газиева ШР, Атаниязов МК, Муратов ФХ, Толипов ДС, Шодиев УД. Особенности лечения и реабилитация больных, перенесших COVID-19, с ишемическим инсультом. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2023;123(3-2):76–84. https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202312303276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakhimbayeva GS, Gazieva ShR, Ataniyazov MK, Muratov FH, Tolipov DS, Shodiev UD. Features of treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients with ischemic stroke. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2023;123(3-2):76–84. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202312303276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Langhorne P, Bernhardt J, Kwakkel G. Stroke rehabilitation. Lancet. 2011;377(9778):1693–1702. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60325-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Langhorne P, Bernhardt J, Kwakkel G. Stroke rehabilitation. Lancet. 2011;377(9778):1693–1702. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60325-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernhardt J, English C, Johnson L, Cumming TB. Early mobilization after stroke: early adoption but limited evidence. Stroke. 2015;46(4):1141–1146. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007434.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernhardt J, English C, Johnson L, Cumming TB. Early mobilization after stroke: early adoption but limited evidence. Stroke. 2015;46(4):1141–1146. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007434.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reeves MJ, Bushnell CD, Howard G, Gargano JW, Duncan PW, Lynch G et al. Sex differences in stroke: epidemiology, clinical presentation, medical care, and outcomes. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7(10):915–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70193-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reeves MJ, Bushnell CD, Howard G, Gargano JW, Duncan PW, Lynch G et al. Sex differences in stroke: epidemiology, clinical presentation, medical care, and outcomes. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7(10):915–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70193-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Appelros P, Stegmayr B, Terént A. Sex differences in stroke epidemiology: a systematic review. Stroke. 2009;40(4):1082–1090. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.540781.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Appelros P, Stegmayr B, Terént A. Sex differences in stroke epidemiology: a systematic review. Stroke. 2009;40(4):1082–1090. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.540781.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cumming TB, Marshall RS, Lazar RM. Stroke, cognitive deficits, and rehabilitation: still an incomplete picture. Int J Stroke. 2013;8(1):38–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00972.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cumming TB, Marshall RS, Lazar RM. Stroke, cognitive deficits, and rehabilitation: still an incomplete picture. Int J Stroke. 2013;8(1):38–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00972.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ. The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992;40(9):922–935. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ. The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992;40(9):922–935. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01992.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carod-Artal FJ, Egido JA. Quality of life after stroke: the importance of a good recovery. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009;27(Suppl. 1):204–214. https://doi.org/10.1159/000200461.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carod-Artal FJ, Egido JA. Quality of life after stroke: the importance of a good recovery. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009;27(Suppl. 1):204–214. https://doi.org/10.1159/000200461.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teasell R, Mehta S, Pereira S, McIntyre A, Janzen S, Allen L et al. Time to rethink long-term rehabilitation management of stroke patients. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2012;19(6):457–462. https://doi.org/10.1310/tsr1906-457.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teasell R, Mehta S, Pereira S, McIntyre A, Janzen S, Allen L et al. Time to rethink long-term rehabilitation management of stroke patients. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2012;19(6):457–462. https://doi.org/10.1310/tsr1906-457.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pollock A, Baer G, Campbell P, Choo PL, Forster A, Morris J et al. Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility following stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(4):CD001920. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001920.pub3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pollock A, Baer G, Campbell P, Choo PL, Forster A, Morris J et al. Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility following stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(4):CD001920. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001920.pub3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
