Бессонница и тревога у пожилых
https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2023-226
Аннотация
В настоящее время среди населения в целом наблюдается рост людей пожилого возраста. Психическое здоровье является важнейшим показателем состояния здоровья пожилых людей. Тревога в позднем возрасте является широко распространенным психическим заболеванием. В пожилом возрасте часто встречаются различные заболевания и симптомы. У пожилых людей тревожные расстройства связаны с повышенным риском сопутствующей патологии. Хотя бессонница не является нормальной частью процесса старения, ее распространенность увеличивается с возрастом. Многие пожилые люди испытывают неудовлетворенность количеством и качеством сна даже при наличии достаточной возможности выспаться. Старение связано с рядом изменений в параметрах непрерывности сна и архитектуры. Существует несколько демографических, психосоциальных, биологических и поведенческих факторов, которые могут способствовать бессоннице в позднем возрасте. Пожилые люди подвергаются более высокому риску соматических и психиатрических последствий бессонницы. Пациенты с длительной бессонницей обычно испытывают тревогу и депрессию. Отмечено наличие сложной двунаправленной связи между бессонницей и тревогой у пожилых людей. Нарушения сна входят в структуру тревожных расстройств. Поэтому медицинские работники должны получить исчерпываю щую информацию о состоянии здоровья и сна у пожилых людей, чтобы правильно диагностировать бессонницу, тревогу и определить потенциальные корреляты этих расстройств. Наиболее важным аспектом в их оценке является подробный сбор анамнеза и тщательное физическое обследование. При наличии бессонницы и тревоги в пожилом возрасте терапия должна включать немедикаментозное и медикаментозное лечение с учетом возможных побочных эффектов.
Ключевые слова
пожилой возраст,
тревога,
бессонница,
коморбидность,
терапевтические подходы,
γ-аминомасляная кислота
Об авторах
Н. В. Пизова
Ярославский государственный медицинский университет
Россия
Россия
Пизова Наталья Вячеславовна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры нервных болезней с медицинской генетикой и нейрохирургией
150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5
А. В. Пизов
Ярославский государственный педагогический университет имени К.Д. Ушинского
Россия
Россия
Пизов Александр Витальевич, к.б.н., доцент кафедры медицины
150000, Ярославль, ул. Республиканская, д. 108/1
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Пизова Н.В., Пизов А.В. Бессонница и тревога у пожилых. Медицинский Совет. 2023;(10):98-105. https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2023-226
For citation:
Pizova N.V., Pizov A.V. Insomnia and anxiety in older adults. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2023;(10):98-105. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2023-226
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