Генетически детерминированные причины гипогликемического синдрома у взрослых пациентов без сахарного диабета

Гипогликемический синдром – это симптомокомплекс, развивающийся вследствие снижения уровня глюкозы крови. В практике эндокринолога основной причиной гипогликемии у больных без сахарного диабета является инсулинпродуцирующая опухоль поджелудочной железы – инсулинома. В ткани инсулиномы происходят различные молекулярно-генетические нарушения, которые приводят к изменению секреции инсулина и его предшественников.

Нередко возникает ситуация, в которой не удается установить причину снижения уровня глюкозы крови. В таких случаях развитие гипогликемии может быть результатом различных генетически детерминированных ферментных, аутоиммунных и рецепторных нарушений, которые обусловливают изменение метаболизма глюкозы или синтеза/биоактивности инсулина. При мягком течении таких врожденных заболеваний гипогликемические состояния могут впервые проявляться во взрослом возрасте.

В представленном обзоре описаны различные генетические предикторы (мутации), играющие решающую роль в возникновении ферментных, аутоиммунных, рецепторных и пролиферативных нарушений и, как следствие, гипогликемии.

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