Dietary management of digestive and gastrointestinal disorders after long-term self-isolation and lockdown as well as patients with SARS-CoV-2 during the rehabilitation period

Introduction. The article examines disorders of the digestive function, diet regimes, appetite in conditions of prolonged self-isolation and quarantine during a coronavirus pandemic. The article analyzes the clinical efficacy and safety of the use of specialized dietary therapeutic and dietary preventive food products in conditions of self-isolation and quarantine.

Methods. A survey was conducted of 620 individuals of various ages who were in self-isolation and quarantine from 1 to 1.5 months. All participants were questioned, examined by a gastroenterologist and therapist, biochemical and clinical blood tests, endoscopic examination of the stomach and duodenum, ultrasound of the abdominal organs.

Results. A survey of 620 individuals showed that self-isolation / quarantine can lead to changes in diets, dietary patterns, changes in eating habits, the development of a number of symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract and other organs, changes in body weight, and chronicity. a number of previously existing diseases. The use of dietary food leads to an improvement in the antitoxic function of the liver, anti-inflammatory effects, and an improvement in the symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases.

Discussion. Clinical and laboratory data make it possible to state the need for the use of specialized dietary products of domestic production in the diet prophylactically in people from risk groups, as well as in patients with various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract both during illness and for the purpose of rehabilitation.

Conclusion. Data on the efficacy and safety of dietary food products give reason to recommend them for inclusion in the diets of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, both during illness, in order to prevent complications and improve the effectiveness of treatment and subsequent rehabilitation of patients, as well as for the rehabilitation of individuals, who were in self-isolation and quarantine for a long time.

1. Ivashkin V.T., Sheptulin A.A., Zolnikova O.Yu., Okhlobystin A.V., Poluektova E.A., Trukhmanov A.S. et al. New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) and Digestive System. Rossiyskiy zhurnal gastroehnterologii, gepatologii, koloproktologii = Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Сoloproctology. 2020;30(3):7–13. (In Russ.) doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-3-7.

2. Song Y., Liu P., Shi X.L., Chu Y.L., Zhang J., Xia J. et al. SARS-CoV-2 induced diarrhoea as onset symptom in patient with COVID-19. Gut. 2020;69:1143–1144. 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320891.

3. Zhou P., Yang X.L., Wang X.G., Hu B., Zhang L., Zhang W. et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270–273. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7.

4. Xiao F., Tang M., Zheng X., Liu Y., Li X., Shan H. Evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(6):1831–1833. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.055.

5. Gu J., Han B., Wang J. COVID-19: Gastrointestinal manifestations and potential fecal-oraltransmission. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(6):1518–1519. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.054.

6. Chen L., Lou J., Bai Y., Wang М. COVID-19 disease with positive fecal and negative pharyngeal and sputum viral tests. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(5):790. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000610.

7. Holshue M.L., DeBolt C., Lindquist S., Lofy K.H., Wiesman J., Bruce H. et al. First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):929–936. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001191.

8. Guan W.J., Ni Z.Y., Hu Y., Liang W., Ou C., He J. et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708– 1720. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.

9. Han C., Duan C., Zhang S., Spiegel B., Shi H., Wang W. et al. Digestive Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients Mild Disease Severity: Clinical Presentation, Stool Viral RNA Testing, and Outcomes. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(6):916–923. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000664.

10. Pilat T.L., Radysh I.V., Surovtsev V.V., Korosteleva M.M., Khanferyan R.A. Possibilities of specialized dietary correction of gastrointestinal tract disorders in patients with COVID-19 viral infection. Lechashchiy vrach = Attending Doctor. 2020;(8):11–15. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.lvrach.ru/2020/08/15437648.

11. Pilat T.L., Kuzmina L.P., Lashina E.L., Kolyaskina M.M., Bezrukavnikova L.M., Bessonov V.V. et al. Oatmeal with herbs and flax seeds reduces abdominal pain in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. Dokazatelnaya gastroenterologiya = Russian Journal of Evidence-based Gastroenterology. 2020;9(2):20–28. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17116/dokgastro2020902120.

12. Pilat T.L., Kuzmina L.P., Lashina E.L., Kolyaskina M.M., Bezrukavnikova L.M., Bessonov V.V. et al. Experience of application of specialized food product of dietary therapeutic and dietary preventive nutrition in case of inflammatory diseases of gastrointestinal tract. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2020;(4):107–113. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2020-4-107-113.

13. Pilate T.L., Lashina E.L., Kolyaskina M.M., Bezrukavnikova L.M., Korosteleva M.M., Gurevich K.G. et al. The influence of a specialized dietary cocktail with herbal components on reparative processes in various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Poliklinika = Policlinic. 2020; (1–2):100–104. (In Russ.) Available at: http://www.poliklin.ru/article2020_1(2)_100.php.

14. Pilat T.L., Lashina E.L., Kolyaskina M.M., Bezrukavnikova L.M., Korosteleva M.M., Gurevich K.G. et al. The effectiveness of specialized diet therapy in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Terapiya = Therapy. 2020;(1):141–149. (In Russ.) doi: 10.18565/therapy.2020.1.141-149.