Когнитивные нарушения у лиц, перенесших COVID-19

Новое коронавирусное заболевание 2019 г. уже более года распространяется по всему миру с высоким риском заражения и  смертности. У лиц, выживших после COVID-19, могут развиваться различные последствия и  осложнения, которые длятся от нескольких недель до нескольких месяцев после первоначального выздоровления, затрагивая разные органы и системы. Различные последствия и осложнения у лиц, переболевших COVID-19, могут встречаться не только во взрослом и пожилом возрасте, но и у молодых людей. В настоящее время в доступной литературе описан широкий спектр неврологических проявлений COVID-19. Представлены частота встречаемости отдельных неврологических симптомов, синдромов и нозологических форм у лиц как в острый период заболевания COVID-19, так и в кратко- и долгосрочном периодах наблюдения за этими пациентами. В  статье углубленно рассмотрены когнитивные нарушения, возникающие у  лиц, перенесших коронавирусное заболевание. Представлены данные о распространенности когнитивных нарушений в различных регионах и в различные периоды заболевания. Описаны основные возможные патофизиологические процессы и факторы риска развития когнитивных нарушений при COVID-19. Рассмотрены возможные пути медикаментозной и немедикаментозной реабилитации пациентов с когнитивными нарушениями при коронавирусной инфекции, что является новой проблемой современной медицины. Также уделено внимание нейропротекции как одному из направлений терапии.

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