Опухоль эндолимфатического мешка: обзор литературы

Опухоль эндолимфатического мешка (ОЭМ) – редкое новообразование височной кости, гистологически является доброкачественным, но клинически ведет себя как злокачественное с деструкцией окружаю щих тканей. Опухоль исходит из области проекции эндолимфатического мешка, вызывает деструкцию задней поверхности каменистой части височной кости, структур внутреннего уха, сосцевидного отростка и т. д. ОЭМ может встречаться как спорадически, так и у больных с болезнью фон Гиппеля –Линдау. Из-за редкости этой опухоли ее легко спутать с другими опухолями, такими как параганглиома, аденома среднего уха, аденокарцинома, папиллярная карцинома щитовидной железы или папиллома сосудистого сплетения. Компьютерная томография (КТ) и магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) имеют важное диагностическое значение и играют большую роль при планировании тактики лечения. Оптимальным методом лечения является резекция патологически измененных тканей до здоровых. В некоторых случаях (неполное удаление опухоли с «положительными краями», пациенты с сопутствующими заболеваниями или неоперабельной опухолью) больные получают курсы рентген- или радиохирургии. При выявлении опухоли на ранних стадиях объем резекции может быть сведен к минимуму с сохранением слуха и вестибулярной функции внутреннего уха. Рецидив главным образом происходит из-за трудности определения границ опухоли и из-за обширной костной инфильтрации. Точный диагноз и правильное предоперационное планирование с эмболизацией, когда это возможно, облегчат оперативное вмешательство и позволят избежать осложнений из-за интраоперационного кровотечения. Длительное наблюдение важно для того, чтобы избежать рецидивов. Недостаточная освещенность данной проблемы в отечественной литературе связана с низким процентом ее встречаемости в отохирургической практике, что осложняет своевременную диагностику и лечение данного типа новообразований височной кости, ухудшает прогноз.

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