Современные методы диагностики и лечения пациентов с ковидной и постковидной аносмией

С 2019 г. во всем мире возрос интерес к коронавирусной инфекции в связи с возникновением нескольких вспышек пандемии, ассоциированных с данной группой возбудителей. Всего в XXI в. было зарегистрировано 3 вспышки пандемий, причиной которых являлись новые штаммы коронавирусов: MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV и SARS-CoV-2. Среди них лидером по распространенности, возникновению тяжелых респираторных осложнений и летальности является SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 – это возбудитель коронавирусной болезни 2019 г., а именно COVID-19. COVID-19 – это заболевание, характеризующееся острым респираторным вирусным синдромом, передающееся воздушно-капельным путем. Клиническое течение СOVID-19 существенно различается от пациента к пациенту и может варьировать от бессимптомного течения до тяжелого. Одним из распространенных симптомов проявления СOVID-19 является расстройство обоняния. В данной статье рассмотрен патогенез и клиническое течение коронавирусной инфекции, вызванной SARS-CoV-2, для выявления причин, приводящих к расстройствам обоняния. Также проведен анализ существующих методов диагностики нарушений обоняния и их лечения. Рассмотрены актуальные гипотезы патогенеза возникновения вирусной аносмии при СOVID-19 и новый взгляд на актуальность данной проблемы среди населения во всем мире. В статье проведен анализ научных данных по проблеме аносмии при коронавирусной инфекции, вызванной SARS-CoV-2, исследованы современные методы диагностики, освещены принципы лечения пациентов с постковидной аносмией и представлены перспективы дальнейших исследований по данной проблеме.

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