Пациент с депрессией на амбулаторном приеме

Депрессия является клинически значимой и растущей проблемой общественного здравоохранения. Она представляет собой значительное глобальное бремя болезней, и ее распространенность неуклонно растет с годами, затрагивая различные демографические группы. Для депрессивного расстройства характерны плохое настроение, упадок сил, грусть, бессонница, неумение радоваться жизни. В условиях амбулаторного приема до трети пациентов с депрессивными симптомами могут иметь сопутствующее заболевание. Множество различных заболеваний были связаны с депрессивными симптомами. Сердечно-сосудистые, метаболические, воспалительные, онкологические и неврологические расстройства связаны с повышенным риском депрессии потенциально из-за хронического воспаления, нейрохимической дисрегуляции, а также эмоциональных и социальных проблем. Поскольку различные препараты могут приводить к депрессивным симптомам, анамнез пациента должен включать оценку использования таких препаратов. Врачи первичной медико-санитарной помощи играют важную роль в распознавании и лечении депрессии. Рекомендуется проводить скрининг депрессии у всех взрослых пациенток в учреждениях первичной медико-санитарной помощи. Существуют общие рекомендации относительно начального лечения депрессивного расстройства легкой и умеренной степени тяжести у взрослых. При легкой депрессии первоначальное предпочтение следует отдавать психотерапии и мониторингу симптомов, а в случаях недостаточного улучшения следует применять фармакотерапию. Психотерапию, фармакотерапию или их комбинацию следует рассматривать при умеренной депрессии. Консультация психиатра должна быть рекомендована при тяжелой депрессии и срочно для любого пациента с психотическими симптомами или суицидальными мыслями и поведением. Антидепрессанты являются основными препаратами для лечения депрессии. Селективные ингибиторы обратного захвата серотонина считаются препаратами первой линии лечения депрессии.

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