Плейотропные эффекты терапии остеоартрита

В статье обсуждается проблема остеоартрита, роста его распространенности и высокой коморбидности. Приводятся данные о влиянии остеоартрита на течение коморбидных состояний, а также ряда распространенных заболеваний, таких как артериальная гипертензия, на развитие остеоартрита. В вопросах терапии приводятся данные об эффективности использования глюкозамина, хондроитина сульфата и диацереина. В статье рассматриваются результаты исследований, продемонстрировавшие плейотропные свойства этих молекул. Так, к самым важным плейотропным эффектам глюкозамина можно отнести профилактическую роль в развитии атеросклероза, влияние на снижение риска общих сердечно-сосудистых событий на 15% и отдельных сердечно-сосудистых событий на 9–22%. Также прием глюкозамина связан со снижением риска развития рака легких и смертности от рака легких. Результаты крупных когортных исследований продемонстрировали, что употребление глюкозамина было связано со снижением риска развития СД2 на 17%, а также с более низким риском развития подагры и деменции у женщин. Применение хондроитина сульфата увеличивало минеральную плотность костной ткани крыс с сахарным диабетом, а также облегчало симптомы гипергликемии, полидипсии и полифагии, вызванные диабетом, у крыс. Также в статье приводятся результаты исследования, продемонстрировавшие значительное ингибирование развития опухоли ксенотрансплантата HCT-116 у мышей посредством подавления пролиферации и индукции апоптоза на фоне приема хондроитина сульфата. В других исследованиях он продемонстрировал способность снижать окислительный стресс и увеличивать количество антиоксидантов, которые важны для нейрорегенерации. Применение диацереина способствует увеличению секреции инсулина и улучшению метаболического контроля у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа. Таким образом, регулярный прием глюкозамина, хондроитина сульфата и диацереина может влиять на коморбидные состояния, улучшая их течение, а также снижать сердечно-сосудистые риски.

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