Миокины в роли биологических маркеров при нарушениях углеводного обмена и атеросклерозе

Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания становятся причиной более половины всех случаев летального исхода. Ишемическая болезнь сердца занимает лидирующее место по причине смертности во всем мире. Основным фактором, способствующим развитию ишемической болезни сердца, является атеросклероз, который на ранних стадиях часто не проявляет симптомов. Важную роль в появлении и ухудшении сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний играют расстройства углеводного обмена. Продолжается поиск сердечно-сосудистых биомаркеров, которые могли бы помочь в диагностике заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы и служить прогностическими показателями. В данном научном обзоре акцентируется внимание на важности оценки миокинов. К настоящему времени продемонстрирована значимость при сердечно-сосудистой патологии таких миокинов, как миостатин, иризин, метеориноподобный белок, мозговой нейротрофический фактор, апелин, мицугумин 53 и др. Установлено, что миостатин негативно влияет на углеводный обмен и атеросклеротические процессы, ухудшая липидный профиль, увеличивая накопление жировой ткани и снижая ее «побурение». Подавление миостатина при инфаркте миокарда способствует восстановлению сердца; его концентрации, наряду с уровнем тропонина, отражают повреждение миокарда. Исследования мозгового нейротрофического фактора также подчеркивают значимость и целесообразность его определения при сахарном диабете и ишемической болезни сердца. Оценка уровня метеориноподобного белка может быть полезной при сахарном диабете и оценке риска атеросклероза. Установлена достоверная связь апелина и иризина с нарушениями углеводного обмена и атеросклеротическими сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, что также делает их перспективными терапевтическими молекулами. Мицугумин 53 показал актуальность в роли маркера при атеросклерозе, однако его влияние на углеводный обмен требует прояснения. Серийное тестирование миокинов, включая использование мультимаркерных панелей, требует дальнейшего изучения для подтверждения значимости в клинической практике.

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