Сложности диагностики не-IgE-зависимой пищевой аллергии у младенцев

Пищевая аллергия – это результат иммунных реакций, вызывающих негативный ответ организма на продукты питания. Эти реакции могут проявляться различными симптомами и расстройствами, включая острые аллергические проявления, анафилаксию, аллергический проктоколит, вызванный пищевыми белками, синдром энтероколита, а также синдром пыльцевой пищевой аллергии. Кроме того, пищевая аллергия способствует развитию хронических воспалительных заболеваний, таких как эозинофильный эзофагит и атопический дерматит. Пищевая аллергия – это одна из наиболее распространенных форм аллергий у младенцев, и за последние годы ее распространенность увеличилась. Ее наличие приводит к серьезным нарушениям качества жизни, как индивидуальным, так и семейным, а также создает личные и социальные издержки. Понимание диагностических особенностей этого состояния необходимо для правильного ведения пациентов, назначения элиминационной диеты, определения оптимального времени для проведения перорального провокационного теста и расширения рациона. Важность знания диагностических критериев заключается в предотвращении гипердиагностики, снижении числа ненужных ограничений, сохранении грудного вскармливания или подборе корректных заменителей грудного молока. Первым шагом в лечении пищевой аллергии является постановка точного диагноза, основанная на анализе клинической картины и исключении продукта, вызывающего реакцию, чаще всего коровьего молока. Этот процесс сопряжен с трудностями и рисками для питания, поэтому требует особого внимания. Представлен клинический случай: пациент, девочка 2 мес., с жалобами на сыпь по всему телу, склонность к запорам, отказ от груди. Подробно описаны симптомы пищевой аллергии и принципы диеты и терапии. Лечение пищевой аллергии предполагает выполнение диагностических алгоритмов, разработку индивидуального плана питания и своевременную оценку развития толерантности. Все это направлено на снижение нагрузки на организм и минимизацию рисков, связанных с питанием.

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