Роль ожирения и адипокинов в патогенезе остеоартрита суставов кистей

Цель обзора – проанализировать современные данные о роли ожирения и адипокинов в патогенезе остеоартрита суставов кистей (ОАСК). Поиск литературы выполнен в базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science и eLIBRARY.ru, с использованием ключевых слов: hand osteoarthritis, obesity, adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, chemerin. отбивкаВ анализ включали оригинальные исследования, систематические обзоры и метаанализы, посвященные взаимосвязи ожирения, адипокинов и ОАСК. Особый интерес представляли публикации, вышедшие в 2020–2025 гг. После скрининга литературы в обзор включено 60 источников. Анализ современных данных показал, что ожирение является одним из ведущих факторов риска развития ОАСК, при этом его влияние обусловлено не только повышенной механической нагрузкой, но и метаболическими нарушениями, сопровождающимися хроническим низкоинтенсивным воспалением. Существенная роль в этих процессах принадлежит адипокинам, участвующим в регуляции воспалительных реакций, ремоделировании суставных тканей и деградации внеклеточного матрикса хряща. Наиболее убедительные данные получены в отношении лептина, резистина и висфатина, обладающих преимущественно провоспалительными свойствами. В то же время результаты исследований, посвященных адипонектину, остаются неоднозначными. Отдельные адипокины ассоциируются с выраженностью болевого синдрома, функциональными нарушениями и в ряде исследований с рентгенологическими проявлениями ОАСК. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о значимой роли метаболических факторов и адипокинов в патогенезе ОАСК. Адипокины могут рассматриваться как перспективные биомаркеры метаболического фенотипа заболевания и потенциальные терапевтические мишени, однако для определения их клинической значимости необходимы дальнейшие проспективные исследования.

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