Метаболический синдром: перспективы использования ангиопоэтин-подобных белков 3-го и 4-го типа для диагностики метаболических нарушений

Метаболический синдром (МС) является одной из основных проблем глобального общественного здравоохранения. Общепризнанными и наиболее важными компонентами МС являются абдоминальный тип ожирения, артериальная гипертензия, нарушения углеводного обмена и дислипидемия. Важным регулятором функций жировой ткани признана ангиопоэтин-подобная система, включающая 8 известных к настоящему времени типов ангиопоэтин-подобных белков. Наиболее изученными с точки зрения влияния на сердечно-сосудистые риски и представляющими интерес в плане функционирования при состояниях, сопряженных с клиникой МС, являются ангиопоэтин-подобные белки 3-го и 4-го типа. В настоящем обзоре основное внимание уделено рассмотрению вклада ангиопоэтин-подобных белков 3-го и 4-го типа в развитие каждого состояния из «созвездия аномалий», характеризующих МС. На основании проведенного анализа современных данных в информационной базе PubMed продемонстрирована ключевая роль данных гепатокинов в качестве модуляторов взаимодействия между печенью и жировой тканью. Детально рассмотрено их участие в гомеостазе липидов, глюкозы, сахарного диабета 2-го типа, гипертензии, неалкогольной жировой болезни печени и апноэ во сне, т. е. в максимальном спектре состояний, определяющих МС. Показано, что ангиопоэтин-подобные белки 3-го и 4-го типа могут действовать как независимые предикторы МС, демонстрируя потенциальную роль в качестве прогностических биомаркеров метаболических нарушений. Понимание особенностей функционирования белков ангиопоэтин-подобной системы может предложить новые как диагностические, так и терапевтические подходы к заболеваниям, сопровождающимся нарушением обмена веществ. Пристальное нацеливание на ангиопоэтин-подобные белки 3-го и 4-го типа и разработка инновационных терапевтических методов с участием блокаторов их действия способны в ближайшей перспективе оказать существенное влияние на эффективность лечения метаболических нарушений у людей.

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