Сравнительный анализ качества жизни, связанного с тревогой и депрессией, при гнездной алопеции, атопическом дерматите и при сочетании этих заболеваний

Введение. Гнездная алопеция (ГА) и атопический дерматит (АтД) связаны со значительным психосоциальным бременем, что определяет важность оценки качества жизни (КЖ), поскольку негативные последствия могут вызвать серьезные психологические нарушения и препятствовать успешному лечению.

Цель. Провести сравнительный анализ показателей КЖ, тревоги и депрессии у пациентов c ГА, АтД и их сочетанием с учетом тяжести заболеваний.

Материалы и методы. В исследование вошел 91 пациент обоих полов (18–52 лет). Все пациенты были распределены на 3 группы: группа 1 – 23/91 (25%) пациента с ГА, группа 2 – 25/91 (28%) пациентов с АтД, группа 3 – пациенты с обоими заболеваниями (43/91 – 47%). В каждой группе выделены подгруппы с учетом тяжести дерматозов. Использовались опросники ДИКЖ (Дерматологический индекс качества жизни), «Скиндекс-29» и HADS. Для сравнения средних значений количественных данных (М ± n) использовался U-критерий Манна – Уитни (p < 0,05).

Результаты. В группе 1, согласно ДИКЖ, КЖ было умеренно снижено (6,5 ± 0,67 балла); общий балл «Скиндекс-29» – 23,55 ± 2,46 (слабое влияние), с наибольшим значением в разделе эмоции. В группе 2 ДИКЖ составил 12,5 ± 1,51 балла, общий балл Скиндекс-29 – 48,41 ± 3,76; в группе 3 ДИКЖ – 11,5 ± 0,58 балла, Скиндекс-29 – 50,47 ± 2,14 балла. Эти значения соответствовали очень сильному влиянию на КЖ, увеличиваясь при тяжелом течении заболеваний. Наблюдалась достоверная разница в значениях ДИКЖ и доменов «Скиндекс-29» между 1-й и 2-й и между 1-й и 3-й группами. Средние показатели HADS во всех группах оказались в целом сопоставимы и соотносились с тяжестью ГА и АтД.

Выводы. В сравнении с ГА, АтД значительнее влияет на КЖ, охватывая все аспекты социального здоровья. ГА воздействует преимущественно на эмоциональную сферу. Наличие обоих заболеваний ухудшает КЖ так же, как и АтД, особенно в аспектах «эмоции» и «функции».

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