Epidemiological characteristic of nails, skin of the feet and hands mycoses in the Perm region

Introduction. Mycoses of the skin and their derivatives are one of the most common groups of fungal infections. Lesion to the nails and skin of the feet and hands occupies a leading place in the structure of this pathology. These diseases are characterized by a long course and often ineffective therapy. Onychomycosis and fungal infections of the skin of the feet and hands are characterized by certain epidemiological features and have a diverse etiology.

Aim. To study of the epidemiological characteristic of mycoses of the nails, skin of the feet and hands according to the data of the Regional Clinical Dermatovenerological Dispensary of Perm over a ten-year period to optimize the detection and further treatment of this pathology

Materials and methods. For the study, statistical data from the Regional Clinical Dermatovenerological Dispensary in Perm were used. Data were analyzed for the period 2012–2021 to assess the dynamics of the prevalence of mycoses of the skin and nails of the feet and hands, their etiological structure. Cases recorded during direct patient contact were taken into account. For laboratory confirmation of mycoses, a culture method was used.

Results and discussion. The number of cases of mycoses of the skin and nails of the feet and hands for the period from 2012 to 2021 was analyzed. It was established that the share of this pathology in the structure of superficial mycoses averaged 49.9%. There was no significant dynamics in the number of recorded cases of fungal infection of this location during the analyzed period. This pathology was more often observed in females than in males throughout the study period. The most significant etiological factors were representatives of Trichophyton spp., Candida spp., as well as molds. There has been a change in the etiological structure of mycoses of the nails, skin of the feet and hands over the observed period: there is a tendency towards a decrease in the proportion of dermatophytes and an increase in the proportion of yeast fungi.

Conclusion. The relevance of the studied group of mycoses was confirmed using the example of the Perm region. The main cause of fungal infections of the nails and skin of the feet and hands were representatives of dermatophytes and Candida spp. It is recommended to focus on identifying this pathology in males during preventive examinations due to the low frequency of their visits to medical specialists.

1. Belousova TA, Kail-Goriachkina MV. Dermatophytosis of feet: issues of comorbidity and personalized choice of therapy. Сonsilium Medicum. Dermatology (Suppl.). 2019;(1):27–31. (In Russ.) Available at: https://omnidoctor.ru/library/izdaniya-dlya-vrachey/consilium-medicum/cm2019/derma2019_pril/derma2019_1_pril/dermatofitii-stop-problemy-komorbidnosti-ipersonalizirovannyy-vybor-terapii/.

2. Lipova EV, Sokolskaya AA, Vitvitskaya YG, Glazko II, Chekmarev AS, Silyutina TA et al. Onychomycosis (а review). RMJ. 2023;(6):21–24. (In Russ.) Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/onihomikoz-obzor-literatury.

3. Schneider DA, Nechaeva OV, Okhlopkov VA, Bespalova NV, Tsiruleva YA. Assessing microbial landscape of onychomycosis pathogens isolated from Saratov Region patients. Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research. 2022;18(S4):734–739. (In Russ.) Available at: https://ssmj.ru/2022/4/734?ysclid=lx345wh0pm278735278.

4. Pang SM, Pang JYY, Fook-Chong S, Tan AL. Tinea unguium onychomycosis caused by dermatophytes: A ten-year (2005–2014) retrospective study in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Singapore Med J. 2018;59(10):524–527. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2018037.

5. Gupta AK, Stec N, Summerbell RC, Shear NH, Piguet V, Tosti A, Piraccini BM. Onychomycosis: a review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34(9):1972–1990. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16394.

6. Leung AK, Lam JM, Leong KF, Hon KL, Barankin B, Leung AAM, Wong AHC. Onychomycosis: an updated review. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2020;14(1):32–45. https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213X13666191026090713.

7. Nair AB, Gaikwad AA, Damle AS, Rajhans VV. Etiological agents and demographic characteristics of onychomycosis at a tertiary care hospital of Maharashtra. Int J Acad Med Pharm. 2023;5(3):2404–2409. Available at: https://www.academicmed.org/Uploads/Volume5Issue3/472.%20[743.%20JAMP_Anita%20Nair]%202404-2409.pdf.

8. Pal M, Dave P, Dave K, Gutama KP, Thangavelu L, Paula CR et al. Etiology, Clinical Spectrum, Epidemiology, New Developments in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Onychomycosis: An Update. Am J Microbiol Res. 2023;11(1):19–24. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/97857206/Etiology_Clinical_Spectrum_Epidemiology_New_Developments_in_Diagnosis_and_Therapeutic_Management_of_Onychomycosis_An_Update.

9. Havlickova B, Czaika VA, Friedrich M. Epidemiological trends in mycoses worldwide. Mycoses. 2008;51(4):3–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x.

10. Sokolova TV, Malyarchuk AP, Gladko VV. Mycoses of the feet as a current interdisciplinary problem in medicine. Bulletin of the Medical Institute of Сontinuing Education. 2022;(1):12–24. (In Russ.) Available at: https://vestnikmino-rbtu.ru/assets/pdf/2022-1/Вестник_МИНО_1_2022.pdf.

11. Gulieva RA. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of fungal infection among military personnel. Meditsinskie Novosti. 2022;(7):64–66. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.mednovosti.by/journal.aspx?article=9687.

12. Lykova SG, Spitsyna AV, Petrenko OS. Local antimycotic therapy: detailed answers to pressing questions. RMJ. 2015;23(9):486–491. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/obshchie-stati/Mestnaya_antimikoticheskaya_terapiya_podrobnye_otvety_na_aktualynye_voprosy/.

13. Халдеева ЕВ, Лисовская СА, Васильева ЕГ. Особенности этиологии онихомикозов у детей. В: Инфекционные болезни в современном мире: эволюция, текущие и будущие угрозы: сборник трудов XV Ежегодного Всероссийского Конгресса по инфекционным болезням имени академика В.И. Покровского. Москва, 27–29 марта 2023 года. М.: Медицинское Маркетинговое Агентство; 2023. С. 230. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/hueafl.

14. Ivanova YuA. Analysis of morbidity of hands and feet mycosis and onyhomycosis in children and adults in the Altai Territory in 2000–2017. Problems in Medical Mycology. 2019;21(1):21–26. (In Russ.) Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/analiz-zabolevaemosti-mikozom-stop-kisteyi-onihomikozom-u-detey-i-vzroslyh-v-altayskom-krae-v-2000-2017-godah.

15. Novikova VV, Kuchevasova MV, Kolomoitsev AV. Structure of dermatomycosis in the Perm region: clinical and epidemiological analysis. Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2016;(2). (In Russ.) Available at: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=24192.

16. Новикова ВВ, Цыдвинцева ЕА, Кучевасова МВ. Этиологическая структура дерматомикозов в Пермском крае: анализ за двухлетний период. В: Силина ЛВ (ред.). Актуальные вопросы дерматовенерологии: материалы Всероссийской научно-практической конференции с международным участием. Курск, 6 июня 2017 г. Курск: КГМУ; 2017. С. 60–63. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/zftdur.

17. Rosen T, Friedlander SF, Kircik L, Zirwas MJ, Stein Gold L, Bhatia N, Gupta AK. Onychomycosis: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment in a changing landscape. J Drugs Dermatol. 2015;14(3):223–233. https://europepmc.org/article/med/25738843.