Role of intestinal microbiota in the development of celiac disease

Abstract

The article reviews latest data on the role of additional factors of celiac disease, in particular, intestinal microbiota. Composition of intestinal biocenosis of patients with celiac disease is characterized by increase in gram-negative bacteria and decrease in obligatory germs, specifically, bifid bacteria. Dynamic studies showed incomplete recovery at gluten-free diet. Microbiota formation in children with genetic risk of celiacia differs from that of healthy children in being less diverse in species, lower number of bacteroids, lack of short-chain fatty acid and excess lactate. This may increase permeability of intestinal barrier and maintain inflammation, while preventing from developing immunological tolerance to gluten.