Роль холина в физиологии репродукции

Холин – незаменимое питательное вещество, однако потребление его беременными женщинами является недостаточным: только 7% из них потребляют адекватные количества холина. Несоответствие между потребностями в холине и его фактическим потреблением поднимает вопросы о необходимости добавок и их потенциальных преимуществах для беременных женщин. Диета будущей матери, богатая холином, в прегравидарном периоде обеспечивает фолликулогенез и лучшее качество ооцитов, изменяет фетальный эпигеном, оказывая противодействие геномным дефектам в период внутриутробного развития и снижая предрасположенность к метаболическим изменениям во взрослой жизни. Холин является источником метильных групп, и его потребление снижает риск дефектов нервной трубки плода в 7 раз, поэтому перспективным трендом в нутрициальной поддержке беременности и профилактике дефектов нервной трубки является прием фолатов и холина в сочетании с другими микронутриентами. Холин способствует росту, пролиферации и функционированию клеток плаценты, транспорту макронутриентов, оказывает противовоспалительное действие. Риск низкой массы тела плода при добавлении холина к обычному рациону питания матери снижается на 69%. Показана значительная связь между высокими уровнями холина у матери и снижением риска развития преэклампсии, преждевременных родов в 2 раза, значимое влияние на нервное развитие и психическое здоровье ребенка – улучшение нейрокогнитивных функций и снижение риска аутизма и синдрома дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью. Добавка холина в дозе 130 мг/сут в составе витаминноминерального комплекса Фемибион 1 достаточна для удовлетворения потребностей в этом нутриенте в период прегравидарной подготовки и в первом триместре беременности. Необходимость дотации холина в прегравидарном периоде и первом триместре беременности обусловлена влиянием на фолликулогенез и протекцию ооцитов, эпигенетическим программированием, эффективностью профилактики врожденных пороков развития плода, участием в метаболических и физиологических процессах в плаценте, снижением риска плацента-ассоциированных осложнений, влиянием на развитие нервной ткани и головного мозга плода и новорожденного.

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