Pleiotropic effects of osteoarthritis therapy

The article discusses the problem of osteoarthritis, its increasing prevalence and high comorbidity. The data on the effect of osteoarthritis on the course of comorbid conditions, as well as the influence of a number of common diseases, such as hypertension on the development of osteoarthritis, are presented. In matters of therapy, data are provided on the effectiveness of the use of glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate and diacerein. The article presents the results of studies demonstrating the pleiotropic properties of these molecules. Thus, the most important pleiotropic effects of glucosamine include a preventive role in the development of atherosclerosis, an effect on reducing the risk of general cardiovascular events by 15% and the risk of individual cardiovascular events by 9–22%. Glucosamine intake is also associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer and mortality from lung cancer. The results of large cohort studies demonstrated that glucosamine use was associated with a 17% reduction in the risk of developing DM2, as well as a lower risk of developing gout in women and a lower risk of developing dementia. The use of chondroitin sulfate increased the bone mineral density of rats with diabetes mellitus, and also relieved the symptoms of hyperglycemia, polydipsia and polyphagia caused by diabetes in rats. The article also presents the results of a study that demonstrated significant inhibition of HCT-116 xenograft tumor development in mice by suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis while taking chondroitin sulfate. In other studies, it has demonstrated the ability to reduce oxidative stress and increase the amount of antioxidants that are important for neuroregeneration. The use of diacerein helps to increase insulin secretion and improve metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, regular intake of glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate and diacerein can affect comorbid conditions, improving their course, as well as reduce cardiovascular risks.

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