Синдром обструктивного апноэ сна в сочетании с бронхиальной астмой и хронической обструктивной болезнью легких

Синдром обструктивного апноэ сна (СОАС) – это состояние, характеризующееся наличием храпа, периодическим спадением верхних дыхательных путей на уровне глотки и прекращением легочной вентиляции при сохраняющихся дыхательных усилиях, снижением уровня кислорода в крови, грубой фрагментацией сна и избыточной дневной сонливостью. Бронхиальная астма (БА) и хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) остаются глобальной проблемой человечества в связи с сохраняющимися высокими уровнями заболеваемости и смертности от этих заболеваний. СОАС является частым коморбидным состоянием при многих заболеваниях, в том числе при хронических бронхолегочных заболеваниях, таких как БА, ХОБЛ и другие, всегда влияя на течение этих заболеваний. Наличие СОАС у таких пациентов связано с прогрессированием заболевания, отсутствием контроля над заболеванием, частыми обострениями и неблагоприятным исходом. Данная категория пациентов трудно поддается стандартному лечению, и достижение контроля над заболеванием у них затруднено. Именно это должно быть ключевым аспектом в рассмотрении целесообразности проведения диагностики на предмет СОАС. Несмотря на наличие имеющихся данных о сочетании СОАС с хроническими заболеваниями легких, практические врачи в большинстве случаев не распознают это заболевание, и пациенты остаются без полноценного лечения. Своевременное выявление и коррекция СОАС могут снизить частоту госпитализаций, улучшить течение БА и ХОБЛ, снизить смертность. Все еще остается актуальным проведение крупных популяционных исследований на выявление коморбидности СОАС при ХОБЛ и астме, что позволит разработать алгоритмы ранней диагностики СОАС с соответствующей коррекцией.

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