Analysis of extragenital pathology and comorbidity indices in women in the menopausal period

Introduction. During the menopausal transition, women develop diseases of various body systems, which are often combined with each other. In perimenopause, ovarian function first decreases, and then completely “turns off”. The so-called state of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism develops, which leads to a violation of the secretion of neurohormones, a change in the function of the limbic system, the development of involution and atrophy in both reproductive and non-reproductive organs. Therefore, the problems associated with the period of the menopausal transition require an interdisciplinary approach and knowledge by doctors of narrow specialties of the features of its course.

Aim. To study the structure of extragenital pathology and the frequency of comorbidity in women in the periand postmenopausal period.

Materials and methods. An observational retrospective cross-sectional study using the archival method was conducted, which included 206 women in the preand postmenopausal period. In order to study the effect of the duration of preand postmenopause on the incidence of concomitant diseases, the studied women are presented in 4 groups: group I (n = 35) premenopausal women; age from 39 to 57 years, group II (n = 73) women in postmenopause from 1 to 5 years; age from 39 to 60 years, group III (n = 53) postmenopausal women from 5 to 10 years; age from 45 to 66 years, group IV (n = 45) postmenopausal women over 10 years; age from 51 to 84 years.

Results. The leading positions in the structure of somatic pathology in women in the preand postmenopausal period in all groups were occupied by diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (22.9%, 23.4%, 15.1%, 15.6%), arterial hypertension (17,1%, 13.7%, 13.2%, 31.1%) and osteochondrosis (14.3%, 6.8%, 13.2%, 8.9%), respectively, groups. Also, with the duration of the postmenopausal period, there is a tendency to increase concomitant oncological diseases by a factor of two (13.3% in group IV versus 5.7% in group I).

Conclusions. When carrying out a comparative characteristic of methods for assessing comorbidity, it was revealed that the highest level of reliability in the frequency of comorbid pathology was registered when using the CIRS scale. A significant increase in the median of comorbidity in patients of group IV was revealed in comparison with patients of the first three groups (p < 0.01).

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